chloroplast

[klor´o-plast]

the photosynthetic unit of a plant cell, containing all the chlorophyll.

chlor·o·plast

(klōr'ō-plast),

A plant cell inclusion body containing chlorophyll; occurs in cells of leaves and young stems. Site of photosynthesis in higher plants.

[chloro- + G. plastos, formed]

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

Fig. 101 Chloroplast . (a) Thin section through a whole chloroplast. (b) Thylakoid arrangement. (c) An enlarged section of a granum.

chloroplast

a type of PLASTID containing CHLOROPHYLL found within the cells of plant leaves and stems. The chlorophyll is packed within granules called quantasomes which are located in the walls of flattened sacs called LAMELLAE or thylakoids. The lamellae lie closely together in certain areas to form grana and are more separate in the intergranal regions. LIGHT REACTIONS of photosynthesis are thought to take place in the quantasomes while DARK REACTIONS occur in the watery matrix surrounding the lamellae, the stroma.

Collins Dictionary of Biology, 3rd ed. © W. G. Hale, V. A. Saunders, J. P. Margham 2005

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References in periodicals archive

"Taken together, these findings suggest a possible link between chloroplast-to-nucleus communication and chloroplast RNA editing, which are important regulatory functions for flowering plants, especially during stress," said Chory.

How plants cope with stress and damage?

Now, Salk Institute researchers have found that GUN1 -- a gene that integrates numerous chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling pathways -- also plays an important role in how proteins are made in damaged chloroplasts, which provides a new insight into how plants respond to stress.

Plants Are Also Stressed Out

DNA, including chloroplast DNA, was extracted from slices of parapodia, taken from a preserved single specimen at a time.

Algal Sources of Sequestered Chloroplasts in the Sacoglossan Sea Slug Elysia crispata Vary by Location and Ecotype

(1986) A ring structure around the dividing plane of the Cyanidium caldarium chloroplast. Protoplasma 130, 211-213.

Dynamics of the nucleoside diphosphate kinase protein DYNAMO2 correlates with the changes in the global GTP level during the cell cycle of Cyanidioschyzon merolae

Our results show that a weak shading less than 45% of full exposure in the summer didn't significantly affect the growth of grape plants and leaf gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, tissue cell microstructure, chloroplast ultrastructure and other physiology-biochemistry indexes.

Effects of shading on leaf physiology and morphology in the 'Yinhong' grape plants/Efeitos de sombra sobre a fisiologia da folha e a morfologia nas plantas de uva "Yinhong"

Composition of photosystems and chloroplast structure in extreme shade plants.

Effects of changes in micro-weather conditions on structural features, total protein and carbohydrate content in leaves of the Atlantic rain forest tree golden trumpet (Tabebuia chrysotricha)/ Efeito de alteracoes nas condicoes micro-climaticas sobre caracterfsticas estruturais, e protefna e carboidratos histoquimicamente marcados, de folhas da arvore da floresta Atlantica ipe amarelo

clystocarpus was confirmed using AFLP markers in combination with sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the chloroplast trnL-F intron and spacer [23].

Aquatic Plant Genomics: Advances, Applications, and Prospects

In the cortex, there are cavities and they are 2-3 layered with chloroplast parenchyma.

Comparative Leaf and Scape Anatomy of Some Scilla Taxa in Turkey

Abbreviations: MEGA 5 Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis Version 5, rps 11 Ribosomal Protein Subunit 11, cpDNA Chloroplast DNA.

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF SELECTED PAKISTANI WHEAT VARIETIES BASED ON A CHLOROPLAST RPS11 GENE