cen·tral pon·tine my·e·li·nol·y·sis

a sporadic disorder characterized by a localized area of demyelination in the center of the basis pontis that, on cross section, can vary substantially in size from one patient to another. In most instances, occurs concurrently with some other serious medical disorder (for example, chronic alcoholism, severe burns, advanced lymphomas); clinically may be asymptomatic or markedly symptomatic, depending on the size of the lesion.

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

central pontine myelinolysis

A condition characterised by softening of the base of the brain at the pons with damage to the myelin sheath, related to aggressive correction of hyponatraemia. First identified in alcoholics (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome), CPM also occurs in AIDS, infection, lymphoproliferative disorders (e.g., AML), malnutrition, and post-stem cell transplantation venous obstruction.

Clinical findings
Weakness, double vision, muscle spasms, speech defects, delirium, sleep disorders, hallucinations, tremors and uncontrolled eye movements.

Imaging
Defects by MRI.

Prevention
Slow correction of electrolytic imbalance.

central pontine myelinolysis

Neuropathology A condition characterized by softening of the base of the brain at the pons with damage to the myelin sheath, related to aggressive correction of hyponatremia; first identified in alcoholics–Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, CPM also occurs in AIDS, infection, lymphoproliferative disorders–eg, AML, malnutrition, and venous obstruction Clinical Weakness, double vision, muscle spasms, speech defects, delirium, sleep disorders, hallucinations, tremors and uncontrolled eye movements Imaging Defects are seen by MRI Prevention Slow correction of electrolytic imbalance.

central pontine myelinolysis

A rare disorder featuring an area of severe loss of myelin in nerve fibres running through the middle of the PONS in the brainstem. There is progressive failure of verbal articulation (dysarthria) and spastic paralysis in all four limbs (quadriplegia). The condition may occur in alcoholism, liver disease, kidney failure and rapid correction of severe sodium depletion.

Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005

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References in periodicals archive

It is possible that our patient developed these neurologic sequalae due to combination of prolonged cerebral edema and central pontine myelinolysis. It is unclear if our patient developed these complications due to severity of illness, therapies administered, or a combination of these elements.

Central Pontine Myelinolysis in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Demyelination of the lateral geniculate nucleus in central pontine myelinolysis. Annals of Neurology 9(2):185-189, 1981.

Alcohol's effects on the brain: Neuroimaging results in humans and animal models

Mesulam, "Behavioral manifestations of central pontine myelinolysis," Archives of Neurology, vol.

Acute Psychosis as Main Manifestation of Central Pontine Myelinolysis

Therefore, both extra pontine and central pontine myelinolysis can occur as a consequence of a rapid correction of hyponatremia in individuals with chronic, severe hyponatraemia [45].

Adrenal disorders and the paediatric brain: pathophysiological considerations and clinical implications

"Man-in-the-barrel" syndrome as delayed manifestation of extrapontine and central pontine myelinolysis: beneficial effect of intravenous immunoglobulin.

Primary Sjogren's syndrome presenting with renal tubular acidosis and central pontine myelinolysis: a case report: renal tubuler asidoz ve santral pontin miyelinolizis ile seyreden primer Sjogren sendromu: olgu sunumu

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) are some of the disorders that might present with a localized lesion that specifically involves the pontine area (3).

Organ specific autoimmunity in thyroid disorders; a case presentation of thyroid eye disease and monophasic CNS manifestation/Tiroid bozukluguna bagli gelisen organ spesifik otoimmunite: monofazik merkezi sinir sistemi tutulumu ile prezante bir olgu sunumu

The correction of hyponatraemia carries the risk of osmotic demyelination, better known as central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), although the demyelination is not necessarily confined to the pons.

Central pontine myelinolysis despite slow sodium rise in a case of severe community-acquired hyponatraemia

Glynis suffers from central pontine myelinolysis, which affects her vision and movement and she is registered as partially disabled.

The best move I ever made was joining the Red Cross; UNEMPLOYED Gary Smith was encouraged to volunteer with the Red Cross to boost his skills. Since then he has saved his mum's life after a freak accident, found love, and helped at the scene of some of the UK's biggest emergency disasters. LIZ LAMB hears his story

A drawback to using HTS in the resuscitation phase is that clinicians need to know the patient's serum sodium levels before initiating HTS therapy If the initial serum sodium level is 130 mmol/L or lower, a rapid increase could cause central pontine myelinolysis, a devastating complication.

Administering hypertonic saline to patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Osmotic demyelination, or central pontine myelinolysis, in association with the rapid correction of an acute hyponatremia (ie, <48 hour duration), has not been reported (86) and should never be an impediment to rapidly correcting hyponatremia in symptomatic EAH (7,21-23,26,43,46,54,60).

Consensus statement of the 1st International Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia Consensus Development Conference, Cape Town, South Africa 2005

Lastly, chronic alcohol consumption can lead to specific neurological disorders involving white matter, such as Marchiafava--Bignami disease and central pontine myelinolysis (Charness 1993).

Using magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging to assess brain damage in alcoholics

Wernicke's encephalopathy and central pontine myelinolysis associated with hyperemesis gravidarum.

Hyperemesis gravidarum--A serious complication of pregnancy. (Original Case Study)