Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma lacks the intersecting fascicular pattern of a true smooth muscle tumor and is negative for smooth muscle markers, such as desmin,
caldesmon, and SMA.
The tumor did not stain with P16, CEA, beta HCG and P63, desmin, MyoD1, CD10,
caldesmon, and cyclinD1.
Immunohistochemically, SMA (Figure 5) and vimentin (Figure 6) were diffusely positive, and
caldesmon was focally positive in tumor cells.
Leiomyomas of deep somatic soft tissue are positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, and
caldesmon (Figure 2) and expectedly are negative for a range of markers including cytokeratins, S100 protein, SOX-10, and CD34.
Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed strong and diffuse reactivity for smooth muscle actin and focal and moderate reactivity for desmin and
caldesmon. The proliferation index detected by Ki-67 was found to be 20%.
Its immunohistochemical features include positivity for smooth muscle actin, desmin,
caldesmon, calponin, vimentin [1, 2], and hormonal receptors (estrogen and progesterone receptors) [1, 5].
Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, sex determining region of Y chromosome-related high-mobility group box gene-9 (SOX-9), S-100, P16, murine double minute 2 (MDM2), and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and negative for pan-cytokeratin (PCK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, myogenin, cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10), CD31, CD34,
caldesmon, CD99, beta-catenin, signal transducer, and activator of transcription 6 (STAT-6).
The present study is done in order to establish the prevalence of VI in stage 1 and 2 colon cancer using a
caldesmon staining technique to increase sensitivity for intra- or extramural invasion.