(The average vault length-height index of Punjabi males is also lower than that of any southern Indian male series, but the difference is statistically significant only in comparison with Konkani males; and with the females, Punjabis actually have a significantly higher index than the Malayalam.) Also, northern Indian male frontals tend to be narrower than southern Indian male frontals, as shown by the smaller
bistephanic breadth (STB) and maximum frontal breadth (XFB) of northern Indian males (Table 7 and Supplementary Table S3).
The variables used are Frontal Chord (FRC), Frontal Subtense (FRS) and Bistephanic Breadth (STB) as defined by Howells (1973).
The second canonical variate accounts for the remaining 36.5% of the variation, and it is primarily influenced by a very high positive loading (.9978) on bistephanic breadth and a moderately high negative loading on frontal subtense.