Balanced anaesthesia with inhaled agents in combination with different opioids has been the method for these procedures.
Patients were anaesthetized by standardized
balanced anaesthesia technique.
However preoperative optimization of cardiac status, administration of
balanced anaesthesia, proper intraoperative monitoring and low pressure pneumoperitoneum are essential steps to patient safety.
Biedler, "TIVA with propofol/remifentanil compared to
balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane/fentanyl in gynaecological laparoscopic surgery," Anaesthesist, vol.
Sufentanil to supplement nitrous oxide in oxygen during
balanced anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, v.43, p.749-752, 1988.
The third section, on perioperative use of opioids, had some interesting material on neuroleptic anaesthesia but was unbalanced, having extensive coverage of sufentantil but lacking a consideration of the electrophysiologic evidence for the use of
balanced anaesthesia, i.e.
Implicit memory during
balanced anaesthesia: Lack of evidence.
The reason could be that the patients in Schwartz et al received premedication with pethidine, diazepam and
balanced anaesthesia was induced with droperidol, fentanyl and thiopentone which could have influenced the intubatory conditions.
In clinical aspects effect of neuromuscular block lasts in 20 to 35 min when administered under
balanced anaesthesia and in recovery phase more than 25% control can be achieved within an half hour and complete recovery can be achieved within 60 minutes.
Weiss, "A comparison of total intravenous with
balanced anaesthesia for middle ear surgery: effects on postoperative nausea and vomiting, pain and conditions of surgery," Anaesthesia, vol.