Hieblot et al., "Presence of proteinase 3 in secretory vesicles: evidence of a novel, highly mobilizable intracellular pool distinct from
azurophil granules," Blood, vol.
Importantly, granule contents are also released according to a hierarchy, with secretory granules being the most readily exocytosed and
azurophil granules only undergoing partial exocytosis [38].
Kew, "Upregulation of vitamin D binding protein (Gc-globulin) binding sites during neutrophil activation from a latent reservoir in
azurophil granules," Molecular Immunology, vol.
Furthermore, [alpha]-defensin has not been detected in mouse neutrophils, (32) while human [alpha]-defensin is a major component of
azurophil granules of human neutrophils.
Identification of constituents of human neutrophil
azurophil granules that mediate fungistasis against histoplasma capsulatum.
Neutrophil elastase, a serine protease, is normally located within
azurophil granules of neutrophils and degrades Gramnegative bacteria and some other proteins such as coagulation proteins, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, immunoglobulins, and complement proteins, as well as PML-RAR[alpha] fusion protein [11].
Differences in enzyme content of
azurophil and specific granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
There is a strong and specific association of WG with presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) to a defined target antigen, proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA), which is present within primary
azurophil granules of neutrophils and lysozymes of monocytes (2).
Hypochlorous acid generated by the concerted activity of membrane-bound NADPH oxidase and
azurophil granule myeloperoxidase of the neutrophil produces luminol chemiluminescence.
HNP1-3 are primarily stored in the
azurophil granules of neutrophils and then released into circulation and infection sites in response to infectious pathogens [33].
Azurophil (or primary) granules are the first to be produced and contain MPO and a spectrum of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs): cathepsin G (CG), neutrophil elastase (NE), proteinase 3 (PR3), and the recently discovered neutrophil serine protease-4 (NSP4) [30, 90].