Type Phenotype References ob/ob mice Testicular atrophy Decrease [40] nuclear volume of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes ob/ob mice Infertile Reduction of testis [41] weight, multinucleated spermatids, few spermatozoa, and anormal Leydig cells db/db mice Infertile [43] db/db mice Infertile Impairment of [14] spermatogenesis and sperm motility fa/fa rat (Zucker rat) Alteration in sperm production [45] and sperm DNA damage AdipoR2 Seminiferous tubular atrophy [54] with
aspermia and reduced testicular weight AdipoR2 Decrease of testis weight [58]
Moreover, stress in males with conditions like severe oligospermia, teratozoospermia, azoospermia,
aspermia was 6 times greater than those with mild to moderate oligospermia, oligoasthenospermia in comparison to those diagnosed with normospermia or no urological abnormality.
MRDT (male reproductive developmental toxicity): sperm effects, histological effects, and tissue weight change were reported exclusively in developmental studies, plus all malformations; tumor location and methods used for sperm count were not specified in ToxRefDB; general histological effects include inflammation, necrosis, and pigmentation, in contrast with spermatogenesis-specific histological effects such as
aspermia, immature sperm, and retained spermatids.
In the rose-ringed parakeets, the period of
aspermia in April had begun already before the endoscopic procedure.