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apoplast

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apoplast

  1. a PLASTID which lacks CHROMATOPHORES. The adjective apoplastic is applied to individual protozoans that lack colour in a group which is generally coloured. Apoplasty occurs when cell division is so fast as to outpace plastid division, producing individuals which are formed without plastids.
  2. those areas of the plant that are outside the SYMPLAST, comprising the parts outside the PLASMALEMMA, such as cell walls, intercellular spaces and the dead tissues of XYLEM.
Collins Dictionary of Biology, 3rd ed. © W. G. Hale, V. A. Saunders, J. P. Margham 2005
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References in periodicals archive
Under low pH and high [Al.sup.3+] wheat root tips exude malate and citrate to the apoplast and rhizosphere.
Organic acid carriers in tolerance to toxic aluminum in wheat/Transportadores de acidos organicos na tolerancia ao aluminio toxico em trigo
Moreover, uptake of hexoses by developing kernels from the apoplast is also an active process involving H+/hexose co transport.
Foliar Application of Potassium Sulfate Partially Alleviates Pre-anthesis Drought-induced Kernel Abortion in Maize
Hernandez JA, Ferrer MA, Jimenez A, Barcelo AR, Sevilla F (2001) Antioxidant systems and O*-2 /[H.sub.2][O.sub.2] production in the apoplast of pea leaves.
Plant salt stress: adaptive responses, tolerance mechanism and bioengineering for salt tolerance
'IAC Fantastico', is possibly related to the mechanisms of defense to Al toxicity, since elements like P can help in the formation of insoluble compounds, such as [Al.sub.4][(P[O.sub.4]).sub.3], retarding the entry of Al in the apoplast (Costa et al., 2014).
Macronutrients accumulation and growth of pineapple cultivars submitted to aluminum stress/ Acumulo de macronutrientes e crescimento de cultivares de abacaxizeiros submetidos ao estresse por aluminio
These mechanisms lead to acidification of the apoplast and the activation of cell wall degrading exo-enzymes, making it more susceptible to the vacuolar turgor pressure and consequently, to cell elongation.
HUMIC ACID APPLICATION IMPROVES THE GROWTH, FLORET AND BULB INDICES OF GLADIOLUS (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)
Effects of Salicylic Acid and Cold Treatments on Protein Levels and on the Activities of Antioxidants Enzymes in the Apoplast of Winter Wheat Leaves', Phytochemistry, 67: 710-15.
Using different growth regulators in wheat to overcome negative effects of drought stress as one of climate change impacts and evaluation of genetic variation using ISSR
Carboxylesterases in the leaf apoplast of wheat seedlings catalyze the hydrolysis of herbicide esters and are substrate specific.
Esterase isozymes patterns of grape vine (Vitis vinifera L.) are altered in response to fungicide exposure/Padroes de isozimas Esterases de videira (Vitis vinifera L.) alterados em resposta a exposicao a fungicidas
Popova, Effects of Salicylic Acid and Cold Treatment on Protein Levels and on the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Apoplast of Winter Wheat Leaves, Phytochem., 67, 710 (2006).
Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Maize under Stress Conditions
[36] reported that Al accumulation in the beans primarily and predominantly occurred in the root apoplast (30-90 % of the total absorbed Al) of peripheral cells, and is only very slowly translocated to more central tissues [37].
Chemical quality of common beans as influenced by genotype and aluminium rates under two soil liming regimes
Fortunately, salt-tolerant plants have evolved some special mechanisms of salt tolerance which are to minimize the accumulation of toxic ions in plant tissue, partition them in the apoplast and vacuole, increase the synthesis of osmotic adjustment substances such as proline and betaine for maintaining tissue water status, and enhance antioxidant capacity to prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress [7].
Molecular cloning and bioinformatics analysis of a new plasma membrane [NA.sup.+]/[H.sup.+] antiporter gene from the halophyte Kosteletzkya virginica
Effects of White, Blue, Red-Light and Darkness on Ph of the Apoplast in the Samanea Pulvinus.
Differentially expressed proteins of soybean (Glycine max) pulvinus in light and dark conditions
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