a·di·a·spi·ro·my·co·sis

(ā'dē-ă-spī'rō-mī-kō'sis),

A rare pulmonary mycosis of humans, rodents, and other animals that dig in soil or are aquatic, caused by the fungus Emmonsia parva var. crescens.

Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

Adiaspiromycosis

A rare fungal infection which affects mammals, including rodents and humans, after inhalation of dust-borne microconidia of a fungus, Emmonsia parva var crescens, which causes most cases of adiaspiromycosis in Europe and is marked by the formation of large, thick-walled spherules (adiaspores) in lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes.
Clinical findings Dry cough, low-grade fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, pulmonary infiltrates, granulomatous dissemination. It may be an incidental finding during workup for other causes. The effects of infection—compromised lung function—depend on spore burden and immune competence: it is more severe in AIDS patients.
DiffDx Coccidioides immitis, helminths, Rhinosporidium seeberi, starch granules.
Managment Itracozole.

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References in periodicals archive

In Brazil, similar types of ocular infection were reported as adiaspiromycosis caused by nonbudding, thick-walled adiaconidia of the Emmonsia spp.

Acute conjunctivitis with episcleritis and anterior uveitis linked to adiaspiromycosis and freshwater sponges, Amazon region, Brazil, 2005.

Trematode fluke Procerovum varium as cause of ocular inflammation in children, South India

Although emmonsia rarely infect humans, the fungi can cause localized granulomatous pulmonary disease (adiaspiromycosis) in immunocompetent persons (1-4).

Adiaspiromycosis causing respiratory failure and a review of human infections due to Emmonsia and Chrysosporium spp.

HIV-associated disseminated Emmonsiosis, Johannesburg, South Africa

Cutaneous adiaspiromycosis: a distinct dermatologic entity associated with Chrysosporium species.

Chrysosporium sp. infection in Eastern Massasauga rattlesnakes

As illustrated by articles in this issue about adiaspiromycosis (2), malaria (3,4), dengue (4), Chagas disease (5), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (6), suspected Brazilian purpuric fever (7), and other infections, new diseases continue to emerge and old ones continue to undergo epidemiologic change throughout the vast Amazon River basin.

Acute conjunctivitis with episcleritis and anterior uveitis linked to adiaspiromycosis and fresh-water sponges, Amazon region, Brazil, 2005.

The status of infectious disease in the Amazon region

Adiaspiromycosis, caused by the fungus Emmonsia sp., was first identified in Brazil during pathologic examination of lung tissue in a patient with pneumonia who died unexpectedly during treatment (1).

These results confirm the existence of an outbreak of conjunctivitis and severe ocular disease probably caused by adiaspiromycosis, mainly among school-aged children.

Acute conjunctivitis with episcleritis and anterior uveitis linked to adiaspiromycosis and freshwater sponges, Amazon region, Brazil, 2005

The presence of malaria, dengue fever, orally transmitted Chagas disease, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, adiaspiromycosis, and many other emerging diseases indicates that emergence and epidemiologic change are vigorous and ongoing in the Amazon Basin.

When you were a tadpole and I was a fish

Which of the following is the most likely mechanism for disease associated with adiaspiromycosis?

Earning CME credit

However, potential differential diagnoses that should be considered include polypoid or granulomatous rhinitis caused by fungal infection with Coccidioides immitis or Chrysosporium parvum (the causative agent of adiaspiromycosis) and neoplasia (11,13).

Equine rhinosporidiosis in United Kingdom