References in periodicals archive

(1992, 1993) that "models assuming strictly additive genetic effects, even if appropriate at the within-population level, may tell us little about the actual genetic divergence of populations." We might add that assuming other nonlinear effects such as genotype-by-environment interaction can be ignored may also be misleading.

Reproductive characteristics of the flower breeding Drosophila hibisci bock (drosophilidae) in Eastern Australia: genetic and environmental determinants of ovariole number

Additive genetic effects <a, [??], heat tolerance (fv, [??]), and additive genetic effects plus heat tolerance (a+fv,[??]).

Estimation of the genetic milk yield parameters of Holstein cattle under heat stress in South Korea

Most of crosses with good SCA effects may be either due to good GCA of parents, indicating the preponderance of additive genetic effects (Kenga et al., 2004).

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SOME POLYGENIC TRAITS FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L

Genotypic variance observed in the [F.sub.2] generation in this study might be attributed primarily to additive genetic effects, since the variance estimates of this effect were substantially greater than the variance estimates of dominance (Table 2).

Genetic parameters of resistance to meloidogyne incognita in melon/Parametros geneticos da resistencia a meloidogyne incognita em meloeiro

Multiple Trait Gibbs Sampler for Animal Models (MTGSAM) was employed (Van Tassell & Van Vleck, 1995), which executes Bayesian estimates; normal a priori distribution may be taken into account for additive genetic effects, common environment of larva culture, nursery and residual.

Genotype by sex interaction at different phases during Nile tilapia culture period/Interacao genotipo e sexo em diferentes fases do perfodo de cultivo de tilapias do Nilo

The average of nearly 100 estimates indicate that, assuming no epistasis and no linkage, additive genetic effects on average account for 61.2% and dominance accounted for 38.8% of total genetic effects (cf., Hallauer and Miranda, Fo., 1988).

Quantitative genetic analysis of the physiological processes underlying maize grain yield

Following the model developed by Kirkpatrick and Lande (1989) for maternal inheritance, the offspring trait can be decomposed into three parts: (1) additive genetic effects ([a.sub.o]); (2) random environmental effects ([e.sub.o]); and (3) maternal environmental effects, such that

The coadaptation of parental and offspring characters

The association between genotypes and marbling was significant (P<0.0001), showing that genotypes AA (5.866 +- 0.15) had a more significant effect on MAR followed by GG (5.325 +- 0.08) and AG (5.034 +- 0.09), with significant additive genetic effects (P<0.001).

Short Communication - ASSOCIATION OF A SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM IN THE CALNEURON 1 GENE ON MEAT QUALITY AND CARCASS TRAITS IN HANWOO (BOS TAURUS COREANAE)

Where, Y is a vector corresponds to the phenotypic values for weight gain traits and growth curve parameter traits; b is the vector of fixed effects including batch, lines, sex, and; a is a vector of random additive genetic effects, assumed to be a ~ N (0, A [[sigma].sup.2.sub.a])

Estimation of heritability and genetic correlation of body weight gain and growth curve parameters in Korean native chicken

In the threshold model, it was assumed that the underlying (Liability) scalehas a normal continuous distribution, being represented as: |[theta] ~ N(W[theta], I[[sigma].sub.e.sup.2]), where is U the base scale vector of order r; [theta]=(b.a) is the location parameter vector of order s with b (defined as fixed effects from the frequency point of view), and order s with a (as random direct additive genetic effects); W is the known incidence matrix of order r x s; I is the identity matrix of order r x r and [[sigma].sub.e.sup.2] is the residual variance.

Estimate of genetic parameters for carcass traits and visual scores in meat sheep using Bayesian inference via threshold and linear models/ Estimativa de parametros geneticos para caracteristicas de carcaca e escore corporal em ovinos de corte usando Inferencia Bayesiana e modelos de limiar e linear

[gamma] = vector of the observations for the trait (W205); X = matrix of incidence of the fixed effects (CG, sex, BS, WS e CA); [Z.sub.1] = matrix of incidence associated with direct additive genetic effects; [Z.sub.2] = matrix of incidence associated with maternal additive genetic effects; [beta], a and [epsilon] = vector of solutions for the fixed effects, vector of direct additive genetic effects and vector of maternal additive genetic effects, respectively and e = vector of residues.

Influence of genotype-environment interaction on the classification of Nellore bulls in Southern Brazil/Interacao genotipo-ambiente na classificacao de touros da raca Nellore na regiao Sul do Brasil

The percent phenotypic variation explained by the significant intervals and estimates of their additive genetic effects were also calculated in MapQTL.

Linkage of molecular markers to Cercospora zeae-maydis resistance in maize