Skeletal muscle IR resulted in significant injury as demonstrated by skeletal muscle cells edema,
sarcoplasm dissolution and necrosis, interstitial vessel hyperemia and hemorrhage, and neutrophil infiltration.
The result is an electrochemical gradient where the mitochondrial matrix elements are released into the
sarcoplasm. This triggers the biochemical phenomena experienced in reperfusion injury such as oxidative stress, [Ca.sub.2]+ overload and rapid normalization of pH [10].
The great part of the fiber is composed of clear, structure less
sarcoplasm, and the myofibrils tend to be confined to a thin ring around the periphery of the cells.
(9) This potentiates the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the
sarcoplasm. In addition, calcium channels within the T tubular membrane are opened increasing the concentration of calcium within the
sarcoplasm.
70% of the water of the flesh is thought to be located in the myofibrils, 20% in the
sarcoplasm and 10% in the connective tissue [17].
Finally, this is accompanied by the uncontrolled movement of calcium ions ([Ca.sup.2+]) into the
sarcoplasm, triggering soreness.
Phospholipase A 2 could release the long chain unsaturated fatty acids from mitochondria and influence the stability of mitochondria and the leakage of Ca 2+ from
sarcoplasm (Cheah et al., 1995).
However, both [alpha]L251T- and [epsilon]L269F-transgenics had numerous endplates displaying marked ultrastructural changes such as collections of membrane-bound structures which in some cases filled the junctional
sarcoplasm and that seemed as to arise from dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Muscle cells use the root "sarco" to make sarcolemma,
sarcoplasm, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the sarcomere, just like Batman has the batcave, the batmobile, and the batcopter.
(129) Normal muscle contraction and relaxation are energy-dependent processes that require the activities of a sodium-potassium ATPase on the sarcolemma (a calcium-dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum) and a magnesium-dependent ATPase in the
sarcoplasm. Accordingly, any drug that raises or lowers the concentration of these electrolytes can interfere with the orderly function of the tissue, causing myopathy.
The 20E increased the myonuclear number in proportion to the fiber growth, therefore maintained the size of the myonuclear domains (the
sarcoplasm volume around the myonuclei).