The other barriers are their limited solubility content, short half-life in plasma, immunogenicity and toxicity.31,32 For this purpose, the protein biopharmaceuticals have introduced techniques based on polymerised ethelene glycol (PEG) called PEGylation which is a process of covalently adding repeating units of PEG to proteins33 and crystallisable fragment (Fc) fusion which is a process of adding Fc domain of i mmunogl obul in G (IgG) molecules to proteins34 to improve the therapeutic performance and utility of these myokines, particularly in terms of their stability, phar macok in etic s and
pharmaco-dynamics.