The adipokine plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (
PAI1) was also present in high levels.
Further significant differences were found for uPA and
PAI1 between the different pT-stages (R = 0.007; R < 0.001) (Figures 3(a) and 3(b)) and grading (R < 0.001; R = 0.007) (Figures 3(e) and 3(f)).
These findings indicated that during LPS-induced inflammatory reaction,
PAI1 promotes inflammation through the TLR4/MyD88/NF[kappa]B pathway.
The inhibitor compounds (used as ligands in docking studies) so far identified against
PAI1 protein were collected from various databases, namely, Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) [8], DrugBank [9], Pharmacogenomic knowledgebase (PharmaGKB) [10], and PDB.
Moderate alcohol consumption can mediate additional cardioprotection by promoting the dissolution of blood clots through its actions on one or more of the components of the fibrinolytic system (i.e., t-PA, u-PA,
PAI1, and fibrinogen).
Among the most important genes up-regulated in ECs in this condition (36) are those that denote EC activation, (45) namely, IL-8, MCP1, VCAM1,
PAI1, Gro-[alpha], and E-selectin.
In addition, REV-ERB[alpha] acts as a transrepressor for a number of genes, including bmal1 [14], apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) [21], apoCIII [22], fibrinogen-[beta] [23], plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (
pai1) [24], il6 [7], and ccl2 [5], which indicates that the nuclear hormone receptor plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism, the cardiovascular system, and inflammation.
Regarding pro-inflammatory cytokines, visceral AT is associated with higher production of TNFalpha [106, 115], plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (
PAI1) [116], IL6, and CRP [117], while producing lower amounts of the anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing adipokine adiponectin, which correlates more strongly with subcutaneous fat [118].
We present here a single-step method for genotyping of the 4G/5G polymorphism of the
PAI1 gene that uses rapid-cycle PCR and subsequent analysis with resonance energy transfer probes on a thermal cycler with real-time fluorescence monitoring (15).
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells has been reported to upregulate plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (
PAI1) preventing fibrinolysis [53], downregulate the platelet inhibitor prostacyclin [54], and increase production of extracellular matrix [55].