Inhibitory effect of
okadaic acid derivatives on protein phosphatases.
The expression profiles of the Mg mrp1 and Mg mrp2 genes in the DG of mussels under a toxic plankton bloom (that generates an
okadaic acid concentration of 6,383.3 ng [g.sup.-1]) are shown in Figure 3.
Toxins can be lipophilic such as the
okadaic acid (OA) group, the azaspiracid (AZA) group, the yessotoxin (YTX) group, and the pectenotoxin (PTX) group, which are usually extracted from biological samples with 100% or 80% methanol [7, 49, 56], or can be polar such as domoic acid (DA), usually extracted with water and methanol in various proportions [50, 57, 58].
Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning and
okadaic acid. In: Medical toxicology of natural substances: foods, fungi, medicinal herbs, plants, and venomous animals.
It has been almost 30 years since the first recognition that
okadaic acid is a tumor promoter and targets PP2A [83], and emerging studies have made it solid that PP2A is a tumor suppressor and that its regulation can be a target for anticancer therapy.
Simultaneously, the real-time PCR for TNF-[alpha] inhibitory activity of the studied extracts in
okadaic acid (OA) challenged A549 cells has been performed.
The nuclear dephosphorylated [beta]-catenin level is decreased after treatment with
okadaic acid compared with control without
okadaic acid (Bordonaro et al.
Sira Technologies has held the patent on a solid-phase immunobead assay (S-PIA) that has been used successfully in detecting ciguatoxin and
okadaic acid. The goal of scientists at Louisiana State University was to select the membrane and immunobead solution (IS) protocol for creating an S-PIA that can detect Salmonella.
DATs are phosphorylated and down-regulated in response to protein kinase C (PKC) activators and the protein phosphatase inhibitor,
okadaic acid (OA).
Clinically important chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment that stimulate production of ceramide include daunorubicin, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), vincristine, yinblastine, etoposide, tamoxifen, suramin, fludarabine, taxanes, irinotecan, and
okadaic acid, as well as ionizing radiation used in radiation therapy.
"We're now proposing that the long-term effect of the turtles' chronic exposure to
okadaic acid may be a high risk of these tumors," Landsberg says.
MUS-1 Mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis), certified for domoic acid DACS-1B Domoic acid calibration solution OACS-1
Okadaic acid calibration solution MUS-2 Mussel tissue (mytilus edulis), certified for
okadaic acid and DTX-1 toxin PSP-1 Calibration solutions for four paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins