Escape from the demands of a difficult task or relief from an undesirable situation are types of
negative reinforcement for a social behavior.
Wolfgang, author of Solving Discipline and Classroom Management Problems, notes that positive reinforcement is not always good for a student, and
negative reinforcement is not always bad.
Barbara is one of thousands of employees who experience the daily frustration of working for a boss who uses
negative reinforcement to motivate subordinates.
"
Negative reinforcement. I can go there if I have to, but I don't like it," she said.
BAC (the preferred acronym, which is actually Bank of America's stock ticker symbol) apparently has a very effective marketing indoctrination program--so effective, in fact, that I started to wonder if it involved
negative reinforcement by electric shock.
The notions that thinness represents an ideal to which one strives and that fat is something derogatory to be avoided are consistent with the concepts of positive and
negative reinforcement. There is a tendency to engage in activities and behaviors, such as attention, admiration, and perceived respect from others, that offer positive reinforcement (Higgins, 1997; Schultz & Schultz, 1994).
In tins article, I wish to show that despite all the evidence that positive rather than
negative reinforcement is more effective at eliciting changes in behaviour, UK government policy remains grounded in a punitive approach so far as tackling anti-social behaviour is concerned.
My teaching technique of
negative reinforcement, by telling him, "Don't do this," was intended to keep him from making a mistake.
We analyzed the total number of flowers approached and fed upon, the mean times of nectary "discovery" and probing duration, and the total time spent foraging, for both days using repeated measurements ANOVA, to test the hypothesis that
negative reinforcement reduces foraging intensity.
Negative reinforcement is a process that involves the removal of something aversive to increase the probability of the behavior that preceded it.
If negative, direct comments often are effective for the expert teacher, and positive, (usually nonspecific comments) are ineffective for the novice or non-expert teacher--how do we go about training the beginning or non-effective teacher in the use of positive and
negative reinforcement? Perhaps we should focus our greatest efforts on teaching our teachers how to be effective in their use of rate (quick pacing with more time for trying again and again), content (specific negative feedback on performance skills, not social behavior) and specificity (exactly what is good, and exactly what needs work).