This paper estimated the overall population effect of dementia on costs using generalized estimation equation (GEE) models with gamma distribution,
natural logarithm link and exchangeable working correlation with variance clustered at the 141 VHA Medical Center (VAMC).
which are the attractor points of the fractal set F of
natural logarithms (fig.
Table 1 displays the summary statistics for the variables used at their levels before
natural logarithm transformation to deal with the deal with the huge differences in magnitudes due to units of measurement.
Labor productivity is defined as the
natural logarithm of a firm's sales to permanent employment ratio.
The control variables in the corporate bankruptcy model, i.e., model (3), include the following: net income divided by total assets (NI), current assets to sales (CA_SALES), current ratio (CRATIO), ratio of current assets to total assets (CA_TA), ratio of cash to total assets (CASH), long term debt divided by to total assets (LTD), and
natural logarithm of sales (LOGSALES).
Considering the aforementioned exclusion, correlations between variables transformed to
natural logarithm showed that the largest correlation coefficient of LN_TBCOEF10 was with LN_PEROOM (0.578), implying that the average number of people per room was the factor of greatest influence on TB prevalence in Belem.
Ln (CRPAREA) =
Natural logarithm of cropped area of Sindh province of Pakistan in (000 hectare)
These macroeconomic data, that is, the two control variables and also the dependent variable (the
natural logarithm of the gross national income at current prices per capita), are all sourced from the European Commission AMECO database.
Part C in Table 2 shows that the
natural logarithm of total assets is positively related to general administrative and selling expenses for each sample, but the positive relationship is not significant in 2013 and 2014.
LOPEN is
natural logarithm of trade openness measured as share of trade in GDP,
A simple regression of the
natural logarithm of raw index counts on time would ignore the effects of environmental variation on detection completely, as well as the existence of temporal correlation in population indices, thereby under-estimating true process variance and creating a sense of false precision.