For gliomas, which represent 75% of all malignant brain tumors,
N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) are markers of oncogenesis, and their MS measurement in brain tissue has the potential to improve glioma diagnosis.
After WS, chemical shifts were referenced to the signal intensity of metabolites (
N-acetylaspartate [NAA] at 2.02 part per million [ppm], creatinine (Cr) at 3.01 ppm, and Choat at 3.22 ppm).
MRI spectroscopy revealed reduced
N-acetylaspartate concentrations in diabetes patients with multiple episodes of DKA, compared with healthy controls, but no significant differences were seen between diabetes patients with and without DKA.
MR spectroscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic method that can be used for metabolic characterization of brain tumors to better predict the grade of the glioma; based on the analysis of the choline (Cho),
N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine (Crn) peaks.
Our MRS data showed reduced
N-acetylaspartate (NAA) (pless than 0.05) glutamate/glutamine (Glx) (pless than 0.05) and elevated myo-inositol (mI) (pless than 0.05) in the bilateral thalamus during HDT, and all metabolites approached their baseline levels by the fourth scan.
The spectrally selective pulse is based on a Shinnar-Le Roux (SLR) algorithm [2, 5] and was modified to target four metabolites: Lactate (Lac),
N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Creatine (Cre) and Choline (Cho).
MR spectroscopy revealed reduced
N-acetylaspartate, increased lipids, and generalized cortical and subcortical atrophy.
A decrease in
N-acetylaspartate and an increase in myoinositol in the anterior cingulate gyrus are associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.
It is important to note that non-enhancing regions may also include tumour as noted on histological analysis.' Metabolic information may be acquired using MR spectroscopy where there is typically a reduction in NAA (
N-acetylaspartate) corresponding to a decreased density of neuronal cells and increased choline as a result of higher cell membrane turnover.'