Among its branches, there are the superior gluteal artery, the inferior gluteal artery and the internal pudendal artery that go out from the pelvis through the greater ischiatic foramen to the gluteal region (Moore & Dalley, 2004).
In the extrapelvic course of the inferior gluteal artery was observed that one of its branches, called ischiatic artery, is a long and thin vessel that is related to the ischiatic nerve; and that the internal pudendal artery in this region sends only muscular branches to irrigate the muscles of this region (Williams et al., 1979).
In the anatomic piece was observed that this artery started from the internal pudendal artery and its caliber was larger than the ones observed in the pieces of routine studies, and its syntopy with the ischiatic nerve was also different from the ones found and described in the literature.