(5)
Humorism was a predecessor movement of modernism in Portugal.
National Library of Medicine, The World of Shakespeare's Humors (2013), https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/shakespeare/fourhumors.html (describing
Humorism).
Christian Hagen's "Blowing It" (Secular
Humorism, N/D 2013), reminded me of growing up in China, where some people responded to sneezes ("Good!") and many didn't.
Diseases of mind and body were instead understood in terms of lingering medieval notions: as related to moral depravity and sin, especially when the lower classes were afflicted (Kroll and Bachrach 513); through
Humorism, a theory of health, disease, and personality attributed to Galen of Pergamum, second-century physician of Rome; and by Dualism, the view of mind and body as distinct substances.
The term "melancholia" has been endlessly discussed across various cultures throughout the centuries, using the theory of
humorism, whereby Greek and Roman physicians contended that the human body consists of four humors: Black Bile, yellow bile, phlegm and blood.
Gillespie's most sustained discussions of Mann focus on the theme of "Educational Experiment" and on the intersection of "syncretic Hermetism and literary
humorism" in Mann's psychologically pregnant texts (199).
An emptyshelled empty-boned humor, Rabelais could have said, and in fact Queneau reproaches these espousers of
humorism for excluding Rabelais from their Pantheon.