It has been suggested that the
frontal plane lower limb alignment is highly associated with the magnitude of external knee adduction moment in walking (Barrios et al., 2009; Barrios and Strotman, 2014; Hurwitz et al., 2002; Messier et al., 2014; Stief et al., 2011; Turcot et al., 2013).
Posture of the participants was analyzed from the photographs in both the sagittal and
frontal planes. A statistically significant relationship was found between habit and postural defect.
The main results of the study demonstrated that persons with moderate medial knee OA exhibit different movement patterns for
frontal plane trunk lean compared to healthy controls.
In addition, physiological evidence shows that the gastrocnemii muscles contribute to active control over ML ankle motion to stabilize the body in the
frontal plane and may be related to the degree of challenge to stability [30].
The
frontal plane P wave axis is directed to the region of +45[degrees] clockwise to +65[degrees].
Tibialis anterior has an important role in ankle stiffness by pressing the lateral side of the foot during stance and control of balance in the
frontal plane. (20) The level of force variability in the tibialis anterior muscle, in static phase is higher than the dynamic phase in elderly.
The horizontal displacement of the torso along the
frontal plane was evaluated using sensors (Polhemus--model Liberty 240/8, Colchester VT, USA) located at C7 and L5/S1.
The angular displacement of the knee joint in the
frontal plane is shown in Fig.
"Lower extremity movement patterns and strength have previously been associated with stress fractures and overuse injuries; however, our study is one of the first to identify dynamic knee rotation and
frontal plane angles as important prospective risk factors for lower extremity stress fractures.
The paper set the geometric center of the trunk upper surface as the origin point of the basic coordinate system; [X.sub.c] points to the direction of forward motion, [Z.sub.c] is perpendicular to the trunk (shown as Figure 3), and then [X.sub.c][O.sub.c][Z.sub.c] is the
frontal plane and [Y.sub.c][O.sub.c][Z.sub.c] is the lateral plane.
(xiii) joint angles in the
frontal plane of the hip and ankle for right and left lower limbs;
One rod in the
frontal plane is entered to the every metaphysis of tibia.