In female brains, LET exposure had no obvious effect on the expression of
Foxl2 at all concentrations at 5d.
FOXL2 and BPES : mutational hotspots, phenotypic variability, and revision of the genotype-phenotype correlation.
The region of the
FOXL2 gene was divided into three segments, and genomic fragments encompassing the
FOXL2 coding sequence were amplified using the following primers: FOXL2-1F : 5#-TTGAGACTTGGCCGTAAGCG-3#; FOXL2-1R : 5#-CTCGTTGAGGCTGAGGTTGT-3# FOXL2-2F : 5#-ACAACCTCAGCCTCAACGAG-3#; FOXL2-2R : 5#-CCAGGCCATTGTACGAGTTC-3#; FOXL2-3F : 5#-GCTTCCTCAACAACTCGTGGC-3#; and FOXL2-3R : 5#-CTGCATCCTCGCATCCGTCT-3#.
In this study, we investigated the expression of six genes that are known from literature to be steroid-related Leydig cell factors (cyp17a1, ar, and star), male gonad genes that are Sertoli cell factors (dmrt1 and sox9), and a female gene for ovarian differentiation (
foxl2).
Folliclestimulating hormone signaling and
Foxl2 are involved in transcriptional regulation of aromatase gene during gonadal sex differentiation in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.
In the new study, they created a mouse in which they could turn the
FOXL2 gene off in the ovarian follicles at any time.
Tumor Markers and Genetic Mutations Commonly Associated With Germ Cell and Sex Cord Stromal Tumors Tumor Tumor Marker(s) Genetic Mutation Dysgerminoma LDH, [+ or -]HCG Yolk sac tumor AFP Immature teratoma [+ or -]AFP Embryonal HCG, [+ or -]AFP, [+ or -]LDH carcinoma Choriocarcinoma HCG, [+ or -]LDH Polyembryony HCG, [+ or -]AFP Mixed germ cell [+ or -]HCG, [+ or -]AFP, [+ or -]LDH Granulosa cell Inhibin, estrogen
FOXL2 Sertoli-Leydig Testosterone DICER1 Abbreviations: AFP, [alpha]-fetoprotein;HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin;LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.
In addition to well-known immunostains such as inhibin and calretinin, forkhead box protein L2 (
FOXL2) and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) immunostains have also been recently reported to be specific and sensitive markers for sex cord and stromal tumors of the ovary.
The article also delineates the application of many recently introduced IHC markers, such as (1) loss of expression of PAX2 in invasive and in situ endocervical adenocarcinomas, (2) strong and diffuse nuclear expression of cyclin D1 in high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, (3) expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1[beta] (HNF-1[beta]) and napsin A in clear cell carcinomas of the uterus and ovary, (4) forkhead box protein L2 (
FOXL2) and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) as sensitive and specific markers for sex cord and stromal tumors, and (5) loss of expression of p57 in complete hydatidiform moles.
The commonly used markers inhibin, calretinin, forkhead box protein L2 (
FOXL2), steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), WT1, and EMA are supplemented by additional immunohistochemistry depending on the differential diagnosis.
Sex cord stromal tumors are usually negative for these germ cell markers and positive for steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), inhibin-[alpha], calretinin, and forkhead box L2 (
FOXL2).