A4: the insulation of extendible
electroscope is long enough.
This blunt statement reflects, in part, the development of technology: since Americans can simply "tune in" to hear sermons on the
electroscope, church buildings are unnecessary.
An Austrian physicist, Victor Franz Hess (1883-1964), felt that the source must be somewhere in the ground, so in 1911 he took
electroscopes up on balloon flights to get them out of range of the ground radiation.
Of special interest are his placement of The Golden Bowl and Howells's non-utopian novels into that context, the use of West and the
electroscope as example of human control of the whole world, and his careful attention--against the grain of most modern feminist criticism--to the racist slant of Gilman's writings.
Relying on this phenomenon, Hess and Wulf probed the atmosphere with an
electroscope, two thin gold leaves suspended from a common point inside a gas-filled, electrically insulated container.