Abbreviations SpCas9: Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes SaCas9: Cas9 from Staphylococcus aureus PAM: Protospacer-adjacent motif NLS: Nuclear localization signal CRY2: Light-inducible heterodimerizing cryptochrome 2 CIB1: Calcium- and integrin-binding protein 1 4-HT: 4-Hydroxytamoxifen VPR: Chimeric activation domain composed of the activation domainsVP64, P65, and Rta pdDronpa: Engineered GFP that
dimerizes in the dark LOV: Photomodulated dimerizing protein ER-LBD: Ligand-binding domain of the estrogen receptor.
Future studies should be directed to understanding which integrin subunits
dimerize as well as to identifying the actual ligands, both in the extracellular matrix and on the sperm surface, for these dimers.
CHOP, a novel developmentally regulated nuclear protein that
dimerizes with transcription factors C/EBP and LAP and functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor of gene transcription.
The phosphorylated Stats
dimerize, translocate to the nucleus, and drive transcription of their target genes (Figure 1) [2].
Full activation of STAT3 requires phosphorylation at its tyr705 and ser727 residues, which allows it to
dimerize and translocate into the nucleus [25, 26].
Because dialkylsilylene 31 is sterically well protected and does not
dimerize to the corresponding disilene either in solution or in the solid state, tethering two dialkylsilylene moieties may be possible to give a stable tethered bissilylene.
Less hindered analogs efficiently and rapidly
dimerize, at carbon, with concomitant protonation or oxygen-methylation depending on added electrophile.
In the absence of a strong neutral donor, the indium(II) species will obviously
dimerize, and this dimer can then disproportionate by halide transfer c.f.
Upon activation by PAMPs or DAMPs, TLR monomers
dimerize, and their cytosolic domains subsequently recruit adaptor proteins from the MyD88 family (MyD88, TRIF/TICAM-1, TIRAP/Mal, TIRP/TRAM, and SRAM), thereby initiating downstream signaling pathways [84] (Figure 1).
Caption: Figure 6: STAT3
dimerize with STAT1 and STAT1
dimerize with NF-[kappa]B.
Under these conditions, some of the fatty acids
dimerize, a lesser amount trimerizes, and some isomerizes to monomer.
In general, after expressed the TLRs
dimerize and undergo conformational changes to bind to their respective PAMPs through interaction of toll/interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor domain-containing adaptor molecules such as the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) (Yamamoto et al., 2002; Oshiumi et al., 2003).