*In the application segment, nucleic acid accounted for the largest share in 2016, owing to the large application of
DNA markers in PCR, sequencing, northern blotting, southern blotting, and molecular cloning
Although
DNA markers like AFLPs and microsatellites are preferred for genetic diversity study due to their informativeness, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis has also been broadly employed to analyze the genetic diversity because it has a universal set of primers, no prior work such as probe isolation, or nucleotide sequencing is necessary (Hadrys et al., 1992).
DNA markers and more extensive use of mapping populations have changed all that.
Kuzmina explains, "The experiment needs to be planned with all precautions to prevent contamination from outside, with negative controls, and thoughtful interpretation of the results." Judicious selection of
DNA markers to test is also necessary to produce meaningful results.
A group of researchers from Mayo Clinic and Exact Sciences Corporation have completed a phase II study comparing a set of
DNA markers to alpha fetoprotein as a method to test for liver cancer.
"Importantly, we are directly predicting actual skin colour divided into five subtypes - very pale, pale, intermediate, dark and dark to black - using
DNA markers from the genes that determine an individual's skin coloration.
In Spain alone, one in 20 Iberian men have
DNA markers identifying them as having a Jewish background, while some 15 percent of Hispanic men in the Southwest have those markers.
"They are using tracking devices on tractors, video and infra-red surveillance in their farm yards and even
DNA markers to protect sheep from rustlers."
He added: "They are using tracking devices on tractors, video and infrared surveillance in their farmyards and even
DNA markers to protect sheep from rustlers."
Focus Prime is a performancerecorded composite terminal sire developed by Innovis using modern breeding tools such as
DNA markers and CT scanning.
The investigators used tissue samples from more than 100 patients to identify methylated
DNA markers that discriminated Barrett's esophagitis from healthy tissue with an area under the curve (AUC) of more than 0.9.