Detection of
Clonorchis sinensis circulating antigen in sera from Chinese patients by immunomagnetic bead ELISA based on IgY.
2010) and
Clonorchis sinensis that causes clonorchiasis disease in humans (Lim et al.
Clonorchis sinensis- specific IgG in serum was positive in a dot immunogold filtration assay established by Wang et al .[2] using soluble C.
Common instigators include the roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), the Chinese liver fluke (
Clonorchis sinensis), and the sheep liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica).
CCA risk factors include, but are not limited to, primary sclerosing cholangitis, choledocholithiasis, long-standing ulcerative colitis, infestation with
Clonorchis sinensis, Caroli's disease, and congenital hepatic fibrosis [2, 3, 8].
These cancers are rare in the United States; on the contrary, in Asia, particularly Thailand, infection with liver flukes of the genera
Clonorchis and Opisthorchis is often associated with cholangiocarcinoma of the intrahepatic bile ducts [1-3].
Potential risk factors of CCA are parasitic infections (Opisthorchis viverrini and
Clonorchis sinensis), bile duct disorders (biliary tract cysts and hepatolithiasis), toxins, complications (diabetes, cirrhosis, and obesity), alcohol consumption, and smoking [1].
Intrahepatic brown pigment stones are seen with infestation of bile ducts with Ascaris lumbricoides and
Clonorchis sinensis.
trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Capillaria philippinensis, Ancylostoma duodenale,
Clonorchis sinensis, and even tapeworm proglottids (Figure 1).