to aid discovery of small molecules that can disrupt the interaction between the
BECN1 protein and a negative regulator, BCL2.
The mammalian counterparts of this complex include Beclin 1 (
BECN1), ATG14L (Barkor), AMBRA1, hVps34, and p150 (13).
Indeed, miR20a regulates several genes related to autophagy and inhibits ATG16L1,
BECN1, and SQSTM1 protein expression [47].
Torosantucci et al., "PINK1 and
BECN1 relocalize at mitochondria-associated membranes during mitophagy and promote ER-mitochondria tethering and autophagosome formation," Autophagy, vol.
For example, the ULK1-ATG13-FIP200-ATG101 complex is responsible for the induction of autophagy [16, 17], the class III phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase complex (
BECN1, ATG14/ATG14L, VPS15, VPS34, and AMBRA1) is responsible for the initiation of the autophagosome [18, 19], and the ATG12-5-16 and LC3-II are responsible for the formation of autophagosome [20-22].
(138) The interaction of Pr[P.sup.C] with Beclin (BECN)1 facilitates the localization of
BECN1 into lipid rafts and thus allows the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (catalytic subunit type-3 or PI3KC3) complex in response to A[[BETA].SUB.42], showing a beneficial role of Pr[P.sup.C] as a positive regulator of the BECN1-PI3KC3 complex in lipid rafts.
Thus, SREBF1 is a master regulator which controls gene expression within the SREBF1 to FASN region via targeting transcriptional repressors of MPRIP, TCAP, and other muscle-related genes (
BECN1, CACNB1, MYH2, MYH3, and MYH13); one of these repressors BHLHB 2 maps near FASN [55].
Furthermore, the autophagy initiation protein
BECN1 and the ATG5-ATG12-ATG16 complex proteins, which are associated with nucleation and elongation of the autophagosome, were both upregulated following DAC treatment, confirming the DAC-mediated induction of autophagy in SKM-1 cells (Figure 4(b)).