For PEG-20M column, the chromatogram using trichloromethane as the solvent was shown as in Figure 1(b) and the peaks of allyl chloride, allyl aldehyde, and allyl alcohol could be completely separated.
In 5 possible volatile impurities, the boiling point of dimethylamine was low (6.9[degrees] C) and that of allyl alcohol was high (96.9[degrees]C), and the others were 40-60[degrees]C; meanwhile there existed the effect of polarity, so the selected column temperature 40[degrees]C could satisfy the requirement of separation.
Figure 3 showed that the better separation effect could be obtained with heat rate of 10[degrees]C x [min.sup.-1] by comparing the chromatograms of constant temperature; in particular the peak shape of allyl alcohol was obviously improved with programmed temperature.
The results showed that the retention time of n-hexane was 3.46 min and it could be completely separated with impurities of allyl chloride (4.16 min), allyl aldehyde (4.68 min), allyl alcohol (9.93 min), dimethylamine (3.82 min), and allyldimethylamine (3.99 min) and extraction solvent of trichloromethane, and there were no chemical reactions between n-hexane and the analytes, so n-hexane was chosen as the internal standard.
The results as in Figure 6 showed that the extraction efficiency of the solvent trichloromethane was the highest for dimethylamine, allyldimethylamine, allyl chloride, allyl alcohol, and allyl aldehyde with the values of 70.3%, 87.7%, 97.9%, 66.1%, and 84.0%, respectively.
Allyl alcohol and retrorsine were used to establish a liver damage with a predominantly periportal location, a pattern comparable to that seen in viral hepatitis, the most frequent cause of chronic liver failure [1].
Furthermore, undifferentiated BMSC have been shown to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells without cell fusion when directly administered into the liver of Sprague Dawley rats pretreated with intrahepatic allyl alcohol injections [24].
On the one hand, allyl alcohol also works by the impairment of liver perfusion as a result of the damage to blood vessels and endothelial cells [16].
Infrared spectra were also obtained for the reactants such as 1,3-BG, DEG, DAT, and DAIP and for allyl alcohol as a by-product by the preceding method without solvent.
Allyl alcohol as a by-product was confirmed by comparing the FTIR spectrum with the literature (26).
Through the catalysis of Ru[Cl.sub.2][(PPh.sub.3).sub.3], the allylic C-H bond was activated, and the functional groups of homoallyl alcohols were repositioned to give
allyl alcohols. Subsequently, an aldol-type reaction was developed based on the allylic C-H activation in either water or ionic liquid.