The transcripts of some nuclear-encoded proteins from the mitochondrial respiratory chain of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei are known to be downregulated by hypoxia, including some proteins that compose the Frcatalytic domain of the
ATP synthase (Martinez-Cruz et al.
Crystallographic and single-molecule investigations have promoted general understanding of the rotational catalysis mechanism of [F.sub.o][F.sub.1]
ATP synthase. However, dynamic mechanism at atomic resolution is not yet well established.
Considering the biological function, we selected two increased proteins:
ATP synthase subunit beta (encoding by ATP5B) and complex I subunit (encoding by NDUFS1).
Moreover, these effects were accompanied by significantly decreased PGC-1a protein, mtDNA,
ATP synthase, and ND1 at day 14 in the WT/UUO group compared with the WT/Sham group (all P < 0.05; Figures 7 and 8).
Expression of
ATP synthase, necessary in the process of oxidative phosphorylation, was found to have decreased.
This pyrene-based sensor was used in HeLa cells to monitor the decrease in ATP levels upon addition of the
ATP synthase inhibitor, oligomycin, and upon hydrolysis of ATP to ADP by apyrase (Pak et al., 2015).
From water insoluble fraction, vimentin, gelsolin, gamma enolase like protein, filensin like protein and
ATP synthase subunit B were identified.
Human neuronal coenzyme Q10 deficiency results in global loss of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and reversal of
ATP synthase activity: implications for pathogenesis and treatment.
The mitochondria, using the enzyme
ATP synthase, use the energy produced in the electron transport chain to manufacture adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP).