The main forms of base modifications in DNA and RNA (coding and noncoding RNA) are N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and
5-methylcytosine (5mC) and its oxidative derivatives 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC).
The survival rate,
5-methylcytosine (5-mC) expression, fertilization rate, two-cell rate, and blastocyst rate in vitro were assessed by immunofluorescence and in vitro fertilization.
To date, DNA methylation (
5-methylcytosine; "5-mC") is the most-studied epigenetic modification associated with exposure.
Rastegar, "Ethanol deregulates Mecp2/MeCP2 in differentiating neural stem cells via interplay between
5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at the Mecp2 regulatory elements," Experimental Neurology, vol.
Results: TET proteins, the key enzymes converting
5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, play vital roles in DNA demethylation regulation.
Recently, we developed an online trapping/ capillary hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography/ insource fragmentation/tandem mass spectrometry system for HCC detection by quantifying
5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in genomic DNA from HCC tumor samples.
Focused, high accuracy
5-methylcytosine quantitation with base resolution by benchtop next-generation sequencing.