water intoxication (redirected from Water poisoning)

Water intoxication

A potentially life-threatening condition caused by drinking too much water, which leads to hyponatremia and may result in seizures, coma, and death.

Mentioned in: Electrolyte Supplements

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water intoxication,

an increase in the volume of free water in the body, resulting in dilutional hyponatremia. Common causes are excessive ingestion of water, increased infusions of hypotonic IV solutions, or excess secretions of antidiuretic hormone. Clinical manifestations are abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and dizziness. It can potentially lead to convulsions and coma. See also syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

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water

1. a clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid, H₂O.

2. an aqueous solution of a medicinal substance.

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water bag

see waters.

water blanket

a sheet with water-filled channels through which heated water is circulated by an external pump. This is placed beneath an anesthetized patient to maintain body temperature during surgery and avoid hypothermia.

body water

see total body water.

body water loss

is principally through the urine, supplemented by sweating, fecal water and evaporation in expired air.

water-damaged grain

recorded as toxic due to tunicamycin in mixture produced probably by fungi.

water deprivation

the animals are cut off from any source of water. May be by accident or neglect.

water deprivation syndrome

the animals become frenzied and begin to destroy their surroundings in an attempt to find water. There is abdominal gauntness, sunken eyes and weakness, and abortion may occur later.

water deprivation test

a test of the concentrating ability of renal tubules and their responsiveness to endogenous antidiuretic hormone. Urine specific gravity and/or osmolality is measured before water is withheld, at intervals during, and after an average time period of 12 to 24 hours. The normal animal should produce urine that is progressively more concentrated, with an osmolality becoming greater than that of the plasma.

distilled water

water that has been purified by distillation.

water drowning

a primitive method of euthanasia, especially for unwanted, newborn animals.

water-electrolyte balance

the concentration of individual electrolytes and of groups of, e.g. monovalent electrolytes, in serum, in tissue fluids and in intracellular fluid is critical to normal bodily function and is maintained by variation in the renal excretory rate of each electrolyte.

water homeostasis

conservation of body water during times of deprivation or excessive loss due to diarrhea or heavy sweating is effected by an increase in the concentration of the urine by the renal tubules.

water immersion

prolonged head-out water immersion has been used in the treatment of skeletal injuries in horses because of the weightlessness induced but there are serious implications of osteoporosis.

water intoxication

can occur if very thirsty animals, on limited salt intake, are allowed unlimited access to water. There is tremor, incoordination and convulsions and there may be polioencephalomalacia. Hemoglobinuria and hypothermia may also occur.

water loading test

measures the concentrating power of the kidney by combining the water deprivation and ADH tests.

water marker

a substance injected into the body that will diffuse through all of the body water compartments. The reduction in its concentration after injection can be used as a measure of body water. Tritiated water is used for the purpose.

water marker decay curve

the curve of declining concentration of a water marker in intravascular fluid.

water medication

administration of medication in drinking water is used particularly in birds and also in swine.

water provocative test

measurement of intraocular pressure before and after the administration of a large volume of water by stomach tube. A marked increase occurs in glaucomatous eyes.

water salinity

see sodium chloride.

water seed

see hydrocele.

water vapor partial pressure

in humans is the same in venous and arterial blood, in pulmonary alveolar air and in tissues; it is assumed that the same generalization applies to animals.

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water intoxication

Hyperhydration due to excess ingestion of water, resulting in dilutional hyponatremia; WI is most common in Pts with psychiatric or neurologic disease, and may be accompanied by impaired renal fluid excretion and ↑ secretion of ADH, altered mental status, irritability, seizures, somnolence, hypothermia, edema; it is common in infants living in poverty, whose parents 'stretch' powdered formula by adding water Sports medicine Cerebral hyponatremia, hyponatremic encephalopathy A specific form of WI affecting the senses, which occurs in otherwise healthy long-distance runners–eg, ultramarathoners. See Marathon.