translation /trans·la·tion/ (trans-la´shun) in genetics, the process by which polypeptide chains are synthesized, the sequence of amino acids being determined by the sequence of bases in a messenger RNA, which in turn is determined by the sequence of bases in the DNA of the gene from which it was transcribed.
translation
translation,
translation,
nick translation a process by which labeled nucleotides are incorporated into duplex DNA at single strand nicks or cleavage points created enzymatically along its two strands.
trans·la·tion (tr ns-l  sh n, trnz-)n. 1. The act or process of translating, especially from one language into another. 2. The state of being translated. 3. A translated version of a text. 4. The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the production of a protein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being controlled by the base sequences of the mRNA. 5. Movement of a tooth through alveolar bone without change in axial inclination. trans·la tion·al adj. |
translation
[-lā′shən]
Etymology: L, translatio, handing over
the process in which the genetic information carried by nucleotides in messenger RNA directs the amino acid sequence in the synthesis of a specific polypeptide. See also anticodon, genetic code.
translation,
n 1., axial motion.
2., transfer of information from mRNA to proteins.
2., transfer of information from mRNA to proteins.
translation,
n movement of a rigid body in which all parts move in the same direction at the same speed.
translation
the synthesis of a polypeptide using messenger RNA as a template, a complex process involving ribosomes and transfer RNAs; every three bases (a codon) along the mRNA beginning with the start codon specifies one amino acid in the polypeptide chain. See also deoxyribonucleic acid.
translation-inhibitory protein (TIP)
produced by cells with depression of DNA synthesis caused by the action of interferons. It inhibits viral replication by binding viral RNA on cell ribosomes.
nick translation
an in vitro procedure for introducing radiolabeled nucleotides into DNA. A method for preparing highly radioactive probes for use in a wide variety of hydridization techniques both in vitro and in vivo. The DNA fragment to be labeled and used as a probe is mixed with DNA polymerase I and the 4 α NTPs, one of which is labeled; the polymerase nicks the DNA fragment and by strand displacement (exonuclease action) displaces and recopies, incorporating the labeled α NTP.
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