thiazide diuretics

diuretic /di·uret·ic/ (di″u-ret´ik)

1. pertaining to or causing diuresis.

2. an agent that promotes diuresis.

---

high-ceiling diuretics , loop diuretics those exerting their action on the sodium reabsorption mechanism of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, resulting in excretion of urine isotonic with plasma.

osmotic diuretics  a group of low-molecular-weight substances that can remain in high concentrations in renal tubules, thus contributing to osmolality of glomerular filtrate.

potassium-sparing diuretics  those blocking exchange of sodium for potassium and hydrogen ions in the distal tubule, increasing sodium and chloride excretion without increasing potassium excretion.

thiazide diuretics  a group of synthetic compounds that decrease reabsorption of sodium by the kidney and thereby increase loss of water and sodium; they enhance excretion of sodium and chloride equally.

---

thiazide diuretics,

a group of diuretics in the thiazide family; they decrease reabsorption of sodium by the kidney and thereby increase loss of water and sodium. They also increase urinary secretion of chloride, potassium, and, to some extent, bicarbonate ions. These are the most frequently prescribed diuretics because they are moderately potent and have relatively few side effects. Most act within 1 hour after being taken and are excreted in 3 to 6 hours. Patients who are taking a thiazide diuretic should be monitored for electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, and, in the case of diabetic patients, hyperglycemia, which may necessitate an increase in insulin dosage. Because GI irritation can occur, it is advisable to take these diuretics at mealtime. See also diuretic.