spinal muscular atrophy (redirected from Spinal muscular atrophies of childhood)

atrophy /at·ro·phy/ (at´ro-fe)

1. a wasting away; a diminution in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part.

2. to undergo or cause atrophy.

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acute yellow atrophy  the shrunken, yellow liver which is a complication, usually fatal, of fulminant hepatitis with massive hepatic necrosis.

Aran-Duchenne muscular atrophy  spinal muscular a.

bone atrophy  resorption of bone evident in both external form and internal density.

Duchenne-Aran muscular atrophy  spinal muscular a.

healed yellow atrophy  macronodular cirrhosis.

Leber's hereditary optic atrophy  see under neuropathy.

lobar atrophy  Pick's disease (1).

myelopathic muscular atrophy  muscular atrophy due to lesion of the spinal cord, as in spinal muscular atrophy.

olivopontocerebellar atrophy  any of a group of progressive hereditary disorders involving degeneration of the cerebellar cortex, middle peduncles, ventral pontine surface, and olivary nuclei. They occur in the young to middle-aged and are characterized by ataxia, dysarthria, and tremors similar to those of parkinsonism.

optic atrophy  atrophy of the optic disk due to degeneration of the nerve fibers of the optic nerve and optic tract.

peroneal atrophy , peroneal muscular atrophy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

physiologic atrophy  that affecting certain organs in all individuals as part of the normal aging process.

senile atrophy of skin  the mild atrophic changes in the dermis and epidermis that occur naturally with aging.

spinal muscular atrophy  progressive degeneration of the motor cells of the spinal cord, beginning usually in the small muscles of the hands, but in some cases (scapulohumeral type) in the upper arm and shoulder muscles, and progressing slowly to the leg muscles.

Sudeck's atrophy  post-traumatic osteoporosis.

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spinal muscular atrophy.

See Duchenne's disease.

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atrophy [at´ro-fe]

1. decrease in size of a normally developed organ or tissue; see also wasting.

2. to undergo or cause such a decrease. adj., adj atroph´ic.

acute yellow atrophy massive hepatic necrosis.

circumscribed cerebral atrophy pick's disease.

disuse atrophy atrophy of a tissue or organ as a result of inactivity or diminished function.

gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina a rare hereditary, slowly progressive atrophy of the choroid and pigment epithelium of the retina; inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.

juvenile spinal muscular atrophy Kugelberg-Welander syndrome.

Leber's optic atrophy Leber's optic neuropathy.

lobar atrophy pick's disease.

myelopathic muscular atrophy muscular atrophy due to lesion of the spinal cord, as in spinal muscular atrophy.

olivopontocerebellar atrophy any of a group of progressive hereditary disorders involving degeneration of the cerebellar cortex, middle peduncles, ventral pontine surface, and olivary nuclei. They occur in the young to middle-aged and are characterized by ataxia, dysarthria, and tremors similar to those of parkinsonism.

peroneal atrophy (peroneal muscular atrophy) progressive neuromuscular atrophy.

progressive neuromuscular atrophy hereditary muscular atrophy beginning in the muscles supplied by the fibular (peroneal) nerves, progressing slowly to involve the muscles of the hands and arms. Called also peroneal or peroneal muscular atrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

senile atrophy the natural atrophy of tissues and organs occurring with advancing age.

spinal muscular atrophy progressive degeneration of the motor cells of the spinal cord, beginning usually in the small muscles of the hands, but in some cases (scapulohumeral type) in the upper arm and shoulder muscles, and progressing slowly to the leg muscles. Called also Aran-Duchenne disease, Cruveilhier's disease, and Duchenne's disease.

subacute yellow atrophy submassive necrosis of the liver associated with broad zones of necrosis, due to viral, toxic, or drug-induced hepatitis; it may have an acute course with death from liver failure occurring after several weeks, or clinical recovery may be associated with regeneration of the parenchymal cells.

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spinal

pertaining to a spine or to the vertebral column and in many instances to the spinal cord.

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spinal abscess

infection may be introduced hematologically from navel infection to a vertebral body or up the vertebral canal from an infected docking wound. Clinically there is a development of paresis over a few days then paraplegia when the abscess is in the lumbar region or quadriplegia when it is located in the cervical area.

spinal accessory nerve

see accessory nerve, Table 14.

congenital spinal stenosis

stenosis of the vertebral canal present at birth; recorded in calves.

spinal fibrocartilaginous emboli

see fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy.

focal symmetrical spinal poliomalacia

see focal symmetrical spinal poliomalacia.

spinal fusion

surgical creation of ankylosis of contiguous vertebrae.

spinal meninges

see meninges.

spinal meningitis

usually part of cerebrospinal meningitis. May be local related to spinal cord abscess and cause localized pain and muscle rigidity.

spinal muscular atrophy

see hereditary spinal muscular atrophy, hereditary neuronal abiotrophy of Swedish Lapland dogs.

spinal myelitis

see myelitis.

spinal myelopathy

see myelopathy.

spinal nerve

any of the paired nerves arising from the spinal cord and passing out between the vertebrae.

spinal puncture

introduction of a hollow needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal, usually for the purpose of collecting a sample of cerebrospinal fluid, to introduce radiopaque material for myelography, or the injection of an anesthetic.

spinal reflex

any reflex action mediated through a center at the spinal cord.

spinal stenosis

see spinal cord compression (above).

spinal tap

see spinal puncture (above).

spinal trauma

temporary or permanent dislocation of one or more spinal vertebrae; or fracture; causes immediate flaccid paralysis caudal to injury due to spinal shock, followed by residual signs due to damage to spinal cord tissue.

spinal walking

see reflex walking.