Somogyi effect

effect /ef·fect/ (ĕ-fekt´) the result produced by an action.

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Anrep effect  abrupt elevation of aortic pressure results in a positive inotropic effect, augmented resistance to outflow in the heart.

Bayliss effect  increased perfusion pressure and subsequent stretch of vascular smooth muscle causes muscle contraction and increased resistance, which returns blood flow to normal in spite of the elevated perfusion pressure.

Bohr effect  increase of carbon dioxide in blood causes decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.

Doppler effect  the relationship of the apparent frequency of waves, as of sound, light, and radio waves, to the relative motion of the source of the waves and the observer, the frequency increasing as the two approach each other and decreasing as they move apart.

experimenter effects  demand characteristics.

Haldane effect  increased oxygenation of hemoglobin promotes dissociation of carbon dioxide.

position effect  in genetics, the changed effect produced by alteration of the relative positions of various genes on the chromosomes.

pressure effect  the sum of the changes that are due to obstruction of tissue drainage by pressure.

side effect  a consequence other than that for which an agent is used, especially an adverse effect on another organ system.

Somogyi effect  a rebound phenomenon occurring in diabetes: overtreatment with insulin induces hypoglycemia, which initiates the release of epinephrine, ACTH, glucagon, and growth hormone, which stimulate lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis, which, in turn, result in a rebound hyperglycemia and ketosis.

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So·mo·gyi effect (sm-j)

n.

In diabetes, the occurrence of reactive hyperglycemia following hypoglycemia. Also called posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia, Somogyi phenomenon.

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Somogyi effect (phenomenon)

Etymology: Michael Somogyi, American biochemist, 1883-1971; Gk, phainomenon

a diabetes mellitus rebound effect in which an overdose of insulin induces hypoglycemia. This releases hormones that stimulate lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis, leading to hyperglycemia and ketosis. Treatment involves gradually lowering the insulin dose to achieve an optimal level.

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Somogyi effect (phenomenon) [so-mo´ gee]

a rebound phenomenon occurring in diabetes mellitus; overtreatment with insulin induces hypoglycemia, which initiates the release of epinephrine, ACTH, glucagon, and growth hormone, which stimulate lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis, which, in turn, result in rebound hyperglycemia and ketosis.



Indications that the Somogyi effect may be taking place include the following: (1) the appearance of strongly positive tests for sugar and acetone in the urine within a few hours after a period in which the urine had been negative for both tests, (2) a 2 per cent glycosuria all day preceded by nocturnal sweating, headaches, and other symptoms of hypoglycemia, (3) unresponsiveness of insulin during the period of rebound hyperglycosuria, (4) wide fluctuations in blood glucose levels, over several hours, and unrelated to meals, and (5) improved control of blood sugar levels and ketonuria with gradual reduction in the amount of insulin taken. Treatment consists of gradual reduction of the insulin dose until the optimum dose is reached.

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Somogyi effect

a rebound phenomenon occurring in diabetes mellitus; overtreatment with insulin induces hypoglycemia, which initiates the release of epinephrine, ACTH, glucagon and growth hormone, which stimulate lipolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, which, in turn, result in rebound hyperglycemia and ketosis.

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Somogyi effect

Rebound hyperglycemia A phenomenon described in diabetics in whom hyperglycemia is a counter-regulatory overcompensation to nocturnal hypoglycemia. See Dawn phenomenon, Glucose tolerance test, Subcutaneous insulin-resistance syndrome.