aortic sinus (redirected from Sinuses of Valsalva)

sinus /si·nus/ (si´nus) pl. si´nus, sinuses   [L.]

1. a recess, cavity, or channel, as (a) one in bone or (b) a dilated channel for venous blood.

2. an abnormal channel or fistula permitting escape of pus.si´nusal

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air sinus  an air-containing space within a bone.

anal sinuses  furrows, with pouchlike openings at the distal end, separating the rectal columns.

aortic sinus  a dilatation between the aortic wall and each of the semilunar cusps of the aortic valve; from two of these sinuses the coronary arteries originate.

branchial sinus  an abnormal cavity or space opening externally on the inferior third of the neck; usually a result of persistence of the second pharyngeal groove and cervical sinus.

carotid sinus  a dilatation of the proximal portion of the internal carotid or distal portion of the common carotid artery, containing in its wall pressoreceptors which are stimulated by changes in blood pressure.

Carotid sinus (sinus caroticus) and carotid arteries in a deep dissection of the right side of the neck.

cavernous sinus  either of two irregularly shaped sinuses of the dura mater, located at either side of the body of the sphenoid bone and communicating across the midline; it contains the internal carotid artery and abducent nerve.

cervical sinus  a temporary depression caudal to the second pharyngeal arch, containing the succeeding pharyngeal arches; it is overgrown by the second pharyngeal arch and closes off as the cervical vesicle.

circular sinus  the venous channel encircling the hypophysis, formed by the two cavernous sinuses and the anterior and posterior intercavernous sinuses.

coccygeal sinus  a sinus or fistula just over or close to the tip of the coccyx.

coronary sinus  the terminal portion of the great cardiac vein, lying in the coronary sulcus between the left atrium and ventricle, and emptying into the right atrium.

cortical sinuses  lymph sinuses in the cortex of a lymph node, which arise from the marginal sinuses and continue into the medullary sinuses.

dermal sinus  a congenital sinus tract extending from the surface of the body, between the bodies of two adjacent lumbar vertebrae, to the spinal canal.

dural sinuses  large venous channels forming an anastomosing system between the layers of the dura mater, draining the cerebral veins and some diploic and meningeal veins into the veins of the neck.

sinus of epididymis  a long, slitlike serous pocket between the upper part of the testis and the overlying epididymis.

ethmoid sinuses , ethmoidal sinuses see under cell.

frontal sinus  one of the paired paranasal sinuses in the frontal bone, each communicating with the middle meatus of the ipsilateral nasal cavity.

intercavernous sinuses  two sinuses of the dura mater connecting the two cavernous sinuses, one passing anterior and the other posterior to the infundibulum of the hypophysis.

lacteal sinuses , lactiferous sinuses enlargements of the lactiferous ducts just before they open on the mammary papilla.

lymphatic sinuses  irregular, tortuous spaces within lymphoid tissue (nodes) through which lymph passes, to enter efferent lymphatic vessels.

marginal sinuses 

1. see under lake.

2. bowl-shaped lymph sinuses separating the capsule from the cortical parenchyma, and from which lymph flows into the cortical sinuses.

maxillary sinus  one of the paired paranasal sinuses in the body of the maxilla on either side, and opening into the middle meatus of the ipsilateral nasal cavity.

medullary sinuses  lymph sinuses in the medulla of a lymph node, which divide the lymphoid tissue into a number of medullary cords.

occipital sinus  one of the sinuses of the dura mater, passing upward along the midline of the cerebellum.

oral sinus  stomodeum.

paranasal sinuses  mucosa-lined air cavities in bones of the skull, communicating with the nasal cavity and including ethmoidal, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoidal sinuses.

Paranasal sinuses (sinus paranasales).

petrosal sinus  either of two sinuses of the dura mater, arising from the cavernous sinus and draining into the internal jugular vein (inferior petrosal s.) or into the transverse sinus (superior petrosal s.).

pilonidal sinus  a suppurating sinus containing hair, occurring chiefly in the coccygeal region.

prostatic sinus  the posterolateral recess between the seminal colliculus and the wall of the urethra.

sinus of pulmonary trunk  a slight dilatation between the wall of the pulmonary trunk and each of the semilunar cusps of the pulmonary trunk valve.

renal sinus  a recess in the substance of the kidney, occupied by the renal pelvis, calices, vessels, nerves, and fat.

sagittal sinus, inferior  a small venous sinus of the dura mater, opening into the straight sinus.

sagittal sinus, superior  a venous sinus of the dura mater which ends in the confluence of sinuses.

sigmoid sinus  a venous sinus of the dura mater on either side, continuous with the transverse sinus and draining into the internal jugular vein of the same side.

sphenoid sinus , sphenoidal sinus one of the paired paranasal sinuses in the body of the sphenoid bone and opening into the highest meatus of the ipsilateral nasal cavity.

sphenoparietal sinus  either of two sinuses of the dura mater, draining into the anterior part of the cavernous sinus.

sinus of spleen  a dilated venous sinus in the substance of the spleen.

straight sinus  one of the sinuses of the dura mater formed by junction of the great cerebral vein and inferior sagittal sinus, commonly ending in the confluence of the sinuses.

tarsal sinus  a space between the calcaneus and talus.

tentorial sinus  straight s.

terminal sinus  a vein that encircles the vascular area in the blastoderm.

transverse sinus 

1. either of two large sinuses of the dura mater.

2. a passage behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk and in front of the atria.

tympanic sinus  a deep recess in the posterior part of the tympanic cavity.

urogenital sinus  an elongated sac formed by division of the cloaca in the early embryo, forming most of the bladder, the female vestibule, urethra, and vagina, and most of the male urethra.

uterine sinuses  venous channels in the wall of the uterus in pregnancy.

sinus of venae cavae  the portion of the right atrium into which the inferior and the superior venae cavae open.

sinus veno´sus 

1. the common venous receptacle in the embryonic midheart, attached to the posterior wall of the primordial atrium.

2. venous s. (1).

3. s. of venae cavae.

venous sinus 

1. a large vein or channel for the circulation of venous blood.

2. s. venosus (1).

venous sinuses of dura mater  large channels for venous blood forming an anastomosing system between the layers of the dura mater of the brain, receiving blood from the brain and draining into the veins of the scalp or deep veins at the base of the skull.

venous sinus of sclera  a branching, circumferential vessel in the internal scleral sulcus, a major component of the drainage pathway for aqueous humor.

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aortic sinus

n.

The space between each semilunar valve and the wall of the aorta.

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aortic sinus

Etymology: Gk, aeirein, to raise; L, sinus, little hollow

any of three dilations, one anterior and two posterior, between the aortic wall and the semilunar cusps of the aortic valve. Also called Petit's sinus, sinus of Morgagni, sinus of Valsalva.

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aortic

pertaining to or emanating from the aorta. See also aortic arch.

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aortic aneurysm

occurs most often in dogs, where it is caused by Spirocerca lupi larvae, turkeys and primates, causing dyspnea, cyanosis and coughing. May be congenital affecting the aortic trunk and the arch sometimes associated with aneurysm of an aortic sinus. See also copper nutritional deficiency.

aortic aneurysm, inherited

see inherited aortic aneurysm.

aortic annulus fibrosus

the fibrous ring in the wall of the root of the aorta. In the bovine heart the ring carries the ossa cordis (see os² cordis).

aortic base rupture

rupture of the vessel just above the semilunar valves.

aortic bodies

small neurovascular structures on either side of the aorta in the region of the aortic arch. The left body is located at the angle between the left subclavian artery and the aorta, and the right at the junction of the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries. They contain chemical receptors which send impulses through the afferent branches of the vagus nerve and are involved in regulating respiration so as to ensure an appropriate partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood.

aortic body tumors

single or multiple nodules within the pericardial sac near the base of the heart. Malignant tumors may invade the anterior mediastinum. Called also heart base tumor.

aortic bulb

the dilated part of the aorta at its origin, caused by the swellings of the aortic sinuses.

aortic coarctation

constriction of the aorta at the site of entry of the ductus arteriosus causing a syndrome similar to that of stenosis of the aortic valve.

aortic cystic medionecrosis

pools of ground substance within the elastic media of the aorta. May predispose to arterial aneurysm but this material is present in the aortas of normal horses.

aortic depressor nerve

pressure receptors in the aortic arch and thoracic aorta which assist in maintaining circulatory equilibrium by communicating pressure changes through the aortic depressor nerve, an afferent branch of the vagus nerve; stimulation causes heart slowing and vasodilation.

aortic dextraposition

the aorta receives blood from the right ventricle. There are a number of variations of the basic defect. The common one is the aorta overriding the septum, which is defective, so that the aorta receives blood from both ventricles. The clinical syndrome includes dyspnea and cyanosis from birth, usually with a loud systolic murmur. Affected animals are not viable.

aortic embolism

occurs in cats in association with feline cardiomyopathy and rarely in dogs. Acute pain with paresis to paralysis in the hindlegs, cold, cyanotic feet and no femoral pulse are signs of the condition.

aortic hiatus

an opening in the diaphragm through which the aorta, thoracic duct, the right and/or left azygos veins pass.

aortic-ilial embolism

see iliac artery thrombosis.

aortic mineralization

is one of the early lesions in poisoning by plants that induce mineralization of tissues, e.g. solanummalacoxylon. In combination with lesions in the myocardium causes a syndrome of congestive heart failure.

aortic nerve

see cardiac depressor nerve.

aortic palpation

the aorta is easily palpable per rectum in cattle and horses; valuable as a clinical sign only in cases of thrombosis at the bifurcation; incision at this point has been used as a means of euthanasia in an emergency.

aortic-pulmonary window

an anomaly of the aorta in which there is an opening between the ascending portion of the aorta and the pulmonary artery; clinical signs are similar to those of patent ductus arteriosus, but surgical correction is much more difficult.

aortic regurgitation

see valvular regurgitation.

aortic root

the part of the aorta attached to the atrioventricular fibrous rings and myocardium.

aortic rupture

1. in horses is caused by weakening of the wall of the aorta by migrating strongyle larvae. In cattle the cause may be onchocerciasis, in pigs experimental diets deficient in copper. Sudden death results from cardiac tamponade or dissecting aneurysm into the ventricular muscle.

2. sudden death in growing turkeys due to dissecting aneurysmal rupture of the aorta and death due to internal hemorrhage; the cause is unknown. Copper deficiency is suspected as a cause in several animal species.

aortic sac

the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches.

aortic septal defect

a congenital anomaly in which there is abnormal communication between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery just above the semilunar valves.

aortic sinus

the three pouch-like dilatations of the aortic bulb which carry the cusps of the aortic valve. The coronary arteries arise from the left caudal and the cranial sinuses.

aortic subvalvular stenosis

in dogs and pigs is possibly an inherited defect. Characterized by stenosis of the aorta just below the semilunar valves. In pigs, it causes congestive heart failure in the newborn, but in affected dogs severity increases with age so that clinical effects may not be apparent until the patients are older.

aortic thromboembolism

thrombosis is the usual forerunner of embolism, pieces of the thrombus breaking off the main mass and lodging in more distal parts of the vascular system. See also aortic embolism (above), verminous mesenteric arteritis, iliac artery thrombosis.

Aortic thromboembolism in a cat. By permission from Nelson RW, Couto CG, Small Animal Internal Medicine, Mosby, 2003

aortic valve

the valve at the entrance to the aorta from the left ventricle made up of three semilunar leaflets or valvulae.

aortic valve rupture

rupture of the medial cusp is recorded as a cause of sudden death in horses usually as a sequel to endocarditis.

aortic valvular disease

stenosis is rarely an acquired disorder, but may be an inherited defect in several species. In cats and rarely dogs, restrictive cardiomyopathy may be a cause of subvalvular aortic obstruction. Valvular incompetence may be congenital or acquired and results in diastolic overloading of the left ventricle with a characteristic water-hammer pulse and diastolic murmur. See also aortic stenosis, aortic subvalvular stenosis (above).

aortic vestibule

the cranial part of the left ventricular cavity leading to the root of the aorta in the avian heart.