sign

sign (sin) an indication of the existence of something; any objective evidence of a disease, i.e., such evidence as is perceptible to the examining physician, as opposed to the subjective sensations (symptoms) of the patient.

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Abadie's sign  insensibility of the Achilles tendon to pressure in tabes dorsalis.

Babinski sign 

1. loss or lessening of the triceps surae reflex in organic sciatica.

2. see under reflex.

3. in organic hemiplegia, failure of the platysma muscle to contract on the affected side in opening the mouth, whistling, etc.

4. in organic hemiplegia, flexion of the thigh and lifting of the heel from the ground when the patient tries to sit up from a supine position with arms crossed upon chest.

5. in organic paralysis, when the affected forearm is placed in supination, it turns over to pronation.

Beevor's sign 

1. in functional paralysis, inability to inhibit the antagonistic muscles.

2. in paralysis of the lower abdominal muscles due to a spinal cord lesion in the region of the lower thoracic vertebrae, there is upward excursion of the umbilicus on attempting to lift the head.

Bergman's sign  in urologic radiography, (a) the ureter is dilated immediately below a neoplasm, rather than collapsed as below an obstructing stone, and (b) the ureteral catheter tends to coil in this dilated portion of the ureter.

Biernacki's sign  analgesia of the ulnar nerve in general paresis and tabes dorsalis.

Blumberg's sign  pain on abrupt release of steady pressure (rebound tenderness) over the site of a suspected abdominal lesion, indicative of peritonitis.

Branham's sign  bradycardia produced by digital closure of an artery proximal to an arteriovenous fistula.

Braxton Hicks' sign  see under contraction.

Broadbent's sign  retraction on the left side of the back, near the eleventh and twelfth ribs, related to pericardial adhesion.

Brudzinski sign 

1. in meningitis, flexion of the neck usually causes flexion of the hip and knee.

2. in meningitis, on passive flexion of one lower limb, the contralateral limb shows a similar movement.

Chaddock's sign  see under reflex.

Chadwick sign  a dark blue to purplish-red congested appearance of the vaginal mucosa, an indication of pregnancy.

Chvostek sign , Chvostek-Weiss sign spasm of the facial muscles elicited by tapping the facial nerve in the region of the parotid gland; seen in tetany.

Cullen sign  bluish discoloration around the umbilicus sometimes associated with intraperitoneal hemorrhage, especially after rupture of the uterine tube in ectopic pregnancy; similar discoloration occurs in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

Dalrymple sign  abnormal wideness of the palpebral opening in Graves' disease.

Delbet's sign  in aneurysm of a limb's main artery, if nutrition of the part distal to the aneurysm is maintained despite absence of the pulse, collateral circulation is sufficient.

de Musset's sign  Musset's s.

Ewart's sign  bronchial breathing and dullness on percussion at the lower angle of the left scapula in pericardial effusion.

fabere sign  see Patrick's test.

Friedreich's sign  diastolic collapse of the cervical veins due to adhesion of the pericardium.

Goodell's sign  softening of the cervix; a sign of pregnancy.

Gorlin's sign  the ability to touch the tip of the nose with the tongue, often a sign of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Graefe's sign  tardy or jerky downward movement of the upper eyelids when the gaze is directed downward; noted in thyrotoxicosis.

halo sign  a halo effect produced in the radiograph of the fetal head between the subcutaneous fat and the cranium; said to be indicative of intrauterine death of the fetus.

harlequin sign  reddening of the lower half of the laterally recumbent body and blanching of the upper half, due to temporary vasomotor disturbance in newborn infants.

Hegar's sign  softening of the lower uterine segment; indicative of pregnancy.

Hoffmann's sign 

1. increased mechanical irritability of the sensory nerves in tetany; the ulnar nerve is usually tested.

2. a sudden nipping of the nail of the index, middle, or ring finger produces flexion of the terminal phalanx of the thumb and of the second and third phalanges of some other finger.

Homans' sign  discomfort behind the knee on forced dorsiflexion of the foot, due to thrombosis in the calf veins.

Hoover's sign 

1. in the normal state or in true paralysis, when the supine patient presses the leg against the surface on which he is lying, the other leg will lift.

2. movement of the costal margins toward the midline in inhalation, bilaterally in pulmonary emphysema and unilaterally in conditions causing flattening of the diaphragm.

Joffroy's sign  in Graves' disease, absence of forehead wrinkling when the gaze is suddenly directed upward.

Kernig's sign  in meningitis, inability to completely extend the leg when sitting or lying with the thigh flexed upon the abdomen; when in dorsal decubitus position, the leg can be easily and completely extended.

Klippel-Weil sign  in pyramidal tract disease, flexion and adduction of the thumb when the flexed fingers are quickly extended by the examiner.

Lasègue's sign  in sciatica, flexion of the hip is painful when the knee is extended, but painless when the knee is flexed.

Léri's sign  absence of normal flexion of the elbow on passive flexion of the hand at the wrist of the affected side in hemiplegia.

Lhermitte's sign  electric-like shocks spreading down the body on flexing the head forward; seen mainly in multiple sclerosis but also in compression and other cervical cord disorders.

Macewen's sign  a more than normal resonant note on percussion of the skull behind the junction of the frontal, temporal, and parietal bones in internal hydrocephalus and cerebral abscess.

McMurray sign  occurrence of a cartilage click on manipulation of the knee; indicative of meniscal injury.

Möbius' sign  in Graves' disease, inability to keep the eyes converged due to insufficiency of the internal rectus muscles.

Musset's sign  rhythmical jerking of the head in aortic aneurysm and aortic insufficiency.

Nikolsky's sign  in pemphigus vulgaris and some other bullous diseases, the outer epidermis separates easily from the basal layer on exertion of firm sliding manual pressure.

Oliver sign  tracheal tugging; see tugging.

Oppenheim sign  see under reflex.

Queckenstedt's sign  when the veins in the neck are compressed on one or both sides in healthy persons, there is a rapid rise in the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid, which then returns quickly to normal when compression ceases. In obstruction of the vertebral canal, the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid is little or not at all affected.

Romberg's sign  swaying of the body or falling when the eyes are closed while standing with the feet close together; observed in tabes dorsalis.

Rossolimo's sign  see under reflex.

setting-sun sign  downward deviation of the eyes so that each iris appears to “set” beneath the lower lid, with white sclera exposed between it and the upper lid; indicative of increased intracranial pressure or irritation of the brain stem.

Stellwag's sign  infrequent or incomplete blinking, a sign of Graves' disease.

string of beads sign  a series of rounded shapes resembling a string of beads on a radiograph of the small intestine, indicating bubbles of trapped gas within the fluid of an obstructed and distended bowel.

Tinel's sign  a tingling sensation in the distal end of a limb when percussion is made over the site of a divided nerve. It indicates a partial lesion or the beginning regeneration of the nerve.

Trousseau's sign  tache cérébrale.

vital signs  the pulse, respiration, and temperature.

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sign (sn)

n.

An objective finding, usually detected on physical examination, from a laboratory test, or on an x-ray, that indicates the presence of abnormality or disease.

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sign (sīn),

n an indication of the existence of something; any objective evidence of a disease.

sign, Battle's,

n.pr the ecchymosis that appears near the mastoid process of the temporal bone; indicative of a fracture of the base of the skull.

sign, Bell's,

n.pr the turning up of the eyeball on the affected side when a patient with Bell's palsy attempts to close the eyelid.

sign, Nikolsky's,

n.pr a diagnostic feature wherein apparently normal epithelium may be rubbed off with finger pressure.

sign, Tinel's,

n.pr a paresthesia in the area served by a sensory nerve when the site of a lesion or injury to the nerve is percussed. Indicative of partial injury of a nerve or regeneration of an injured nerve.

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sign

any objective evidence of disease or dysfunction recognizable by the veterinarian. Symptoms, the subjective sensations experienced by human patients, are not definable in veterinary medicine and the term has no application to veterinarians.

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cardinal s's

of greatest significance to the veterinarian; establishing the identity of the illness. Shown in abnormalities of the temperature, pulse and respiration. Key sign is a more appropriate expression for the important signs in a particular case on which the clinician will base his or her diagnosis.

presenting s's

the signs or group of signs about which the client complains or from which relief is sought.

withdrawal s's

those following sudden abstinence from a drug on which a patient is dependent.