plane (plān)
plane
plane,
plane,
1. a flat surface determined by the position of three points in space.
2. a specified level, as the plane of anesthesia.
3. to rub away or abrade; see planing.
4. a superficial incision in the wall of a cavity or between tissue layers, especially in plastic surgery, made so that the precise point of entry into the cavity or between the layers can be determined. 
.jpg)
)
Planes of the body, with subject in the anatomical position.
.jpg'))
Planes of the trunk.
axial plane one parallel with the long axis of a structure.
base plane an imaginary plane upon which is estimated the retention of an artificial denture.
coronal planes frontal p's.
Frankfort horizontal plane a horizontal plane represented in profile by a line between the lowest point on the margin of the orbit and the highest point on the margin of the auditory meatus.
frontal planes those passing longitudinally through the body from side to side, at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into front and back parts.
horizontal plane
1. one passing through the body, at right angles to both the frontal and median planes, dividing the body into upper and lower parts.
2. one passing through a tooth at right angles to its long axis.
median plane one passing longitudinally through the middle of the body from front to back, dividing it into right and left halves.
nuchal plane the outer surface of the occipital bone between the foramen magnum and the superior nuchal line.
occipital plane the outer surface of the occipital bone above the superior nuchal line.
orbital plane
1. the orbital surface of the maxilla.
2. visual p.
sagittal planes vertical planes passing through the body parallel to the median plane (or to the sagittal suture), dividing the body into left and right portions.
temporal plane the depressed area on the side of the skull below the inferior temporal line.
transverse plane one passing horizontally through the body, at right angles to the sagittal and frontal planes, and dividing the body into upper and lower portions.
vertical plane one perpendicular to a horizontal plane, dividing the body into left and right, or front and back portions.
visual plane one passing through the visual axes of the two eyes.
plane (pl n)n. 1. A surface containing all the straight lines that connect any two points on it. 2. A flat or level surface. 3. An imaginary surface formed by extension through any axis of the body or through two definite points on the body. |
plane
Etymology: L, planum, level
1 n, a flat surface determined by three points in space.
2 n, an extension of a longitudinal section through an axis, such as the coronal, horizontal, transverse, frontal, and sagittal planes, used to identify the position of various parts of the body in the study of anatomy.
3 v, the act of paring or of rubbing away.
4 n, a superficial incision in the wall of a cavity or between tissue layers, especially in plastic surgery. planar, adj.
plane,
n any imaginary two dimensional surface.
plane, coronal,
n See frontal plane.
plane, frontal,
n imaginary plane passing through the body longitudinally, from side to side, dividing the body into two halves front and back, or anterior and posterior.
plane,
n an ideal flat surface that intersects solid bodies, extends uniformly in various directions (horizontally, vertically, laterally, or any relative combination thereof), and is determined by the position in space of three points.
)
Body in anatomic position with median, sagittal, horizontal, and frontal planes noted.
plane, axial,
n a hypothetical plane parallel to the long axis of an object.
plane, axial, of teeth,
n a term that applies to the mesiodistal or the buccolingual plane.
plane, axial wall,
n an instrument used to plane and true the axial wall of a Class 3 preparation.
plane, axiobuccolingual, of teeth,
n See plane of teeth, buccolingual.
plane, axiomesiodistal, of teeth,
n See plane of teeth, mesiodistal.
plane, bite,
n an appliance that covers the palate. It has an inclined or flat plane at its anterior border that offers resistance to the mandibular incisors when they come into contact with it. Also called
bite plate.
bite plate.
plane, Bolton-nasion,
n.pr imaginary surface passing through the nasion and the postcondylar notch, used in cephalometric analysis. See also point, Bolton.
plane, Broca's
n.pr a plane extending from the tip of the interalveolar septum between the upper central incisors to the inferiormost point of the occipital condyle.
plane, brushing,
n the top uniform edge of the bristles on the head of a toothbrush; forms the surface that comes in contact with teeth and gingival margin when brushing. The plane comes in a variety of designs that assist the user to remove plaque and clean the gingiva. Also called
trim.
trim.
plane, buccolingual, of teeth,
n a plane that passes through the tooth buccolingually parallel with its long axis. In incisors and canines, this is the labiolingual plane. Also called
axiobuccolingual plane.
axiobuccolingual plane.
plane, Camper's,
n.pr a plane extending from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the superior border of the tragus of the ear.
plane, coronal,
n the plane created by an imaginary line that divides the body at any level into anterior and posterior portions. Also called the
frontal plane.
frontal plane.
plane, eye-ear,
n See plane, Frankfort horizontal.
plane, flush terminal,
n a relationship between primary teeth in which the buccal surfaces of the opposing second molars are aligned when occlusion is centric.
plane, Frankfort horizontal,
n.pr a craniometric plane determined by the inferior borders of the bony orbits and the upper margin of the auditory meatus. It passes through the two orbitales and the two tragions.
plane, frontal,
n the frontal plane, in anatomy, is an imaginary plane that divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) halves along the longitudinal (left-right) axis.
plane, guide,
n 1. a mechanical device, part of an orthodontic appliance, having an established inclined plane that, when in use, causes a change in the occlusal relation of the maxillary and mandibular teeth and permits their movement to a normal position.
n 2. a plane developed in the occlusal surfaces of occlusion rims to position the mandible in centric relation.
n 3. two or more vertically parallel surfaces of abutment teeth shaped to direct the path of planement and removal of a remarkable partial denture. Also called
guiding plane.
n 2. a plane developed in the occlusal surfaces of occlusion rims to position the mandible in centric relation.
n 3. two or more vertically parallel surfaces of abutment teeth shaped to direct the path of planement and removal of a remarkable partial denture. Also called
guiding plane.
plane, guiding,
n See plane, guide.
plane, Hamy's,
n.pr a plane extending from the glabella to the lambda.
plane, His's,
n.pr a plane extending from the anterior nasal spine to the opisthion.
plane, horizontal,
n the plane created by an imaginary line that divides the body at any level into superior and inferior portions.
plane, horizontal, of teeth,
n a plane that is perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth and may be supposed to cut through the crown at any point in its length.
plane, Huxley's,
n.pr a plane extending from the nasion to the basion. Also called the
basicranial axis.
basicranial axis.
plane, mandibular,
n See border, mandibular.
plane, Martin's,
n.pr a plane extending from the nasion to the inion.
plane, mean foundation,
n the mean of the inclination of the denture-supporting (basal seat) tissues. The tissues constituting the denture foundation are irregular in form and consistency, and force may be applied from only one direction if it is to comply with the law of statics, which requires the exertion of force at a right angle to maintain support. Therefore the mean foundation plane forms a right angle with the most favorable direction of force. The ideal condition for denture stability exists when the mean foundation plane is almost at a right angle to the direction of force.
plane, mean occlusal,
n the flat or horizontal plane or position and area between the cutting edge of the teeth.
plane, median,
n See plane, midsagittal.
plane, median sagittal,
n a plane passing through the median raphe of the palate at right angles to the Frankfort horizontal plane.
plane, median-raphe
n the median plane of the head.
plane, mesiodistal, of teeth,
n a plane that passes through the tooth mesiodistally parallel with its long axis. Also called
axiomesiodistal plane.
axiomesiodistal plane.
plane, midsagittal
n the plane created by an imaginary line dividing the body into right and left halves. Also called the
median plane.
median plane.
plane, Montague's
n.pr the plane extending from the nasion to the porion.
plane, occlusal,
n 1. an imaginary surface that is related anatomically to the cranium and that theoretically touches the incisal edges of the incisors and tips of the occluding surfaces of the posterior teeth. It is not a plane in the true sense of the word but represents the mean of the curvature of the surface.
n 2. a line drawn between points representing one half of the incisal overbite (vertical overlap) in front and one half of the cusp height of the last molars in back. See also curve of occlusion.
n 2. a line drawn between points representing one half of the incisal overbite (vertical overlap) in front and one half of the cusp height of the last molars in back. See also curve of occlusion.
plane of reference,
n a plane that acts as a guide to the location of other planes.
plane of teeth,
n for descriptive purposes, three planes are considered in the teeth proper: buccolingual, horizontal, and mesiodistal.
plane, orbital,
n 1. a plane perpendicular to the eye-ear plane and passing through the orbitale.
n 2. the plane that passes through the visual axis of each eye.
n 2. the plane that passes through the visual axis of each eye.
plane, sagittal,
n a plane of the body created by an imaginary plane parallel to the median plane.
plane, Schwalbe's
n.pr a plane that extends from the glabella to the inion.
plane, straight terminal,
n See plane, flush terminal.
plane, vertical, of teeth,
n an upright plane that is perpendicular to the horizon.
plane, von Ihring's
n.pr a plane extending from the orbitale to the center of the bony external auditory meatus.
plane
1. a flat surface determined by the position of three points in space.
2. a specified level, as the plane of anesthesia.
4. a superficial incision in the wall of a cavity or between tissue layers, especially in plastic surgery, made so that the precise point of entry into the cavity or between the layers can be determined.
coronal plane
frontal plane, an ambiguous term when applied to quadrupeds and bipeds.
dorsal plane
any plane passing longitudinally through the body from side to side, at right angles to the median plane and dividing the body into dorsal and ventral parts. Called also coronal plane, frontal plane.
horizontal plane
one passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, and dividing the body into upper and lower parts.
inclined plane
an intraoral acrylic or metal appliance used in orthodontics to guide a tooth into a new position by using pressure applied when the mouth is closed normally. Commonest use is to move canines laterally.
median plane
one passing longitudinally through the body from front to back and dividing it into right and left halves.
nasal plane
the space between the nostrils.
nasolabial plane
the extension of the nasal plane between the nostrils into the upper lip in cattle.
nuchal plane
the flat surface at the back of the occipital bone below the nuchal crest.
rostral plane
the bare area on the dorsum of the snout of the pig.
sagittal plane
a vertical plane through the body parallel to the median plane (or to the sagittal suture) and dividing the body into left and right portions.
transverse plane
one passing through the body, at right angles to the sagittal and dorsal planes, and dividing the body into cranial and caudal portions.
vertical plane
one perpendicular to a horizontal plane, dividing the body into left and right, or front and back portions.
plane
A flat surface.
aperture plane A plane that passes through the aperture of an optical system.
apparent frontoparallel plane (AFPP) Plane passing through the fixation point and containing all other points judged to appear in the same frontal plane. At about 1 metre from the eye it more or less coincides with a frontal plane; this is the abathic distance. Closer to 1 metre it is often a concave surface with its concavity turned towards the observer and beyond 1 metre it is a convex surface with its convexity turned towards the observer. See Hering-Hillebrand deviation; horopter.
cardinal plane's Planes, normal to the optical axis, which pass through the cardinal points of a lens or optical system. They are the focal planes, the nodal planes and the principal planes. (Sometimes, this definition also includes the object and image planes.) See cardinal points.
equatorial plane Vertical plane passing through the centre of curvature of the large circle of the eyeball, perpendicular to the optical axis and which divides the eyeball into anterior and posterior halves. See anterior segment of the eye; Listing's plane.
plane of fixation See plane of regard.
focal plane A plane, perpendicular to the optical axis, which passes through one of the focal points of an optical system. See principal focus.
frontal plane A vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane. When this plane passes through the centre of rotation of the eye it is called Listing's plane.
frontoparallel plane The frontal plane passing through the fixation point.
horizontal plane of the eye Plane, such as the xy plane, passing through the centre of rotation of the eye and dividing it into superior and inferior halves. When the eye is looking straight ahead this plane is horizontal. See subjective horizontal plane; xy plane.
image plane A plane, perpendicular to the optical axis at any axial image point of an optical system.
plane of incidence The plane containing the incident and reflected rays, and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence.
Listing's plane A frontal plane passing through the centre of rotation, which corresponds to the equatorial plane of the eye when it is looking in the straight-ahead position (Fig. P11).
median plane The vertical plane that divides the head into right and left halves.
plane mirror See plane mirror.
nodal plane A plane, perpendicular to the optical axis, which passes through one of the nodal points of an optical system (Fig. P12).
object plane A plane perpendicular to the optical axis at any axial object point of an optical system.
principal plane A plane perpendicular to the optical axis of an optical system at the point where the incident rays parallel to the optical axis intersect the refracted rays converging to the secondary focal point (secondary principal plane); or in which the refracted rays parallel to the optical axis intersect the incident rays coming from the primary focal point (primary principal plane). Each plane is an erect image of the other, and of the same size. For this reason they are sometimes also referred to as unit planes as they are conjugate planes in which the magnification is +1. In a thin lens these planes coincide at the lens (Fig. P12). See image distance; object distance; focal length; thin lens; nodal points; principal points; equivalent power.
plane of regard Plane containing the fixation point, the axes of fixation from the two eyes and the base line. Syn. plane of fixation.
sagittal plane A vertical plane parallel to the median plane as, for example, the yz plane.
spectacle plane A plane representing the orientation of the spectacle lenses relative to the eyes and passing through the posterior vertices of the two lenses. See pantoscopic angle; retroscopic angle; vertex distance.
subjective horizontal plane Plane fixed with respect to the eye, i.e. horizontal when the eye is in the primary position. See horizontal plane of the eye; primary position.
unit plane's See principal plane.
plane of vibration See polarized light.
visual plane The plane containing the two visual axes.
xy plane Horizontal plane of the eye containing both the x- and y-axes (Fig. P11). See anteroposterior axis; transverse axis.
yz plane Vertical plane of the eye containing both the y- and z-axes (Fig. P11). See anteroposterior axis; vertical axis.
aperture plane A plane that passes through the aperture of an optical system.
apparent frontoparallel plane (AFPP) Plane passing through the fixation point and containing all other points judged to appear in the same frontal plane. At about 1 metre from the eye it more or less coincides with a frontal plane; this is the abathic distance. Closer to 1 metre it is often a concave surface with its concavity turned towards the observer and beyond 1 metre it is a convex surface with its convexity turned towards the observer. See Hering-Hillebrand deviation; horopter.
cardinal plane's Planes, normal to the optical axis, which pass through the cardinal points of a lens or optical system. They are the focal planes, the nodal planes and the principal planes. (Sometimes, this definition also includes the object and image planes.) See cardinal points.
equatorial plane Vertical plane passing through the centre of curvature of the large circle of the eyeball, perpendicular to the optical axis and which divides the eyeball into anterior and posterior halves. See anterior segment of the eye; Listing's plane.
plane of fixation See plane of regard.
focal plane A plane, perpendicular to the optical axis, which passes through one of the focal points of an optical system. See principal focus.
frontal plane A vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane. When this plane passes through the centre of rotation of the eye it is called Listing's plane.
frontoparallel plane The frontal plane passing through the fixation point.
horizontal plane of the eye Plane, such as the xy plane, passing through the centre of rotation of the eye and dividing it into superior and inferior halves. When the eye is looking straight ahead this plane is horizontal. See subjective horizontal plane; xy plane.
image plane A plane, perpendicular to the optical axis at any axial image point of an optical system.
plane of incidence The plane containing the incident and reflected rays, and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence.
Listing's plane A frontal plane passing through the centre of rotation, which corresponds to the equatorial plane of the eye when it is looking in the straight-ahead position (Fig. P11).
median plane The vertical plane that divides the head into right and left halves.
plane mirror See plane mirror.
nodal plane A plane, perpendicular to the optical axis, which passes through one of the nodal points of an optical system (Fig. P12).
object plane A plane perpendicular to the optical axis at any axial object point of an optical system.
principal plane A plane perpendicular to the optical axis of an optical system at the point where the incident rays parallel to the optical axis intersect the refracted rays converging to the secondary focal point (secondary principal plane); or in which the refracted rays parallel to the optical axis intersect the incident rays coming from the primary focal point (primary principal plane). Each plane is an erect image of the other, and of the same size. For this reason they are sometimes also referred to as unit planes as they are conjugate planes in which the magnification is +1. In a thin lens these planes coincide at the lens (Fig. P12). See image distance; object distance; focal length; thin lens; nodal points; principal points; equivalent power.
plane of regard Plane containing the fixation point, the axes of fixation from the two eyes and the base line. Syn. plane of fixation.
sagittal plane A vertical plane parallel to the median plane as, for example, the yz plane.
spectacle plane A plane representing the orientation of the spectacle lenses relative to the eyes and passing through the posterior vertices of the two lenses. See pantoscopic angle; retroscopic angle; vertex distance.
subjective horizontal plane Plane fixed with respect to the eye, i.e. horizontal when the eye is in the primary position. See horizontal plane of the eye; primary position.
unit plane's See principal plane.
plane of vibration See polarized light.
visual plane The plane containing the two visual axes.
xy plane Horizontal plane of the eye containing both the x- and y-axes (Fig. P11). See anteroposterior axis; transverse axis.
yz plane Vertical plane of the eye containing both the y- and z-axes (Fig. P11). See anteroposterior axis; vertical axis.
)
Fig. P11 Listing's plane and the axes of Fick
)
Fig. P12 Primary and secondary principal planes HP and H′P′ of a thick lens in air (PF, anterior focal length; P′F′, posterior focal length; SF, front vertex focal length; S′F′, back vertex focal length; SF′1, back focal length of the first surface D1; S′F2, front focal length of the second surface D2; N and N′, nodal points)
How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content.
| ?Page tools | ||
|---|---|---|
|