Penicillium (redirected from Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium notatum)

Penicillium /Pen·i·cil·li·um/ (-sil´e-um) a genus of fungi.

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Penicillium

n.

A genus of fungi of the class Ascomycetes, some species of which yield several antibiotic substances and biologics.

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pen·i·cil·li·um (pn-sl-m)

n. pl. pen·i·cil·li·ums or pen·i·cil·li·a (-sl-)

Any of various bluish-green fungi of the genus Penicillium that grow as molds on decaying fruits and ripening cheese and are used in the production of penicillin.

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Penicillium

[pen′isil′ē·əm]

Etymology: L, penicillus, paintbrush

a genus of imperfect fungi, some species of which have been tentatively linked to disease in humans, most notably in immunocompromised patients. Many species are commonly found in the human environment. Penicillin G is obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum and P. notatum.

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Penicillium

a genus of mold-forming fungi that grow on stored feed and in growing plants. Some produce antibiotics, some can be opportunistic pathogens and some produce mycotoxins, including patulin.

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Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium notatum

cultures of these fungi produce penicillin.

Penicillium citreo-viride

produces the neurotoxin citreoviridin which causes paralysis, convulsions and death in humans eating contaminated yellow rice. Resembles beriberi, thought originally to be due to thiamin deficiency.

Penicillium citrinum

produces ochratoxin, citrinin, causes growth retardation, hepatic necrosis and nephropathy.

Penicillium claviforme, Penicillium cyclopium, Penicillium divergens, Penicillium equinum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium griseofulvum, Penicillium lapidosum, Penicillium leucopus, Penicilliummelinii, Penicillium novae-zeelandiae, Penicillium patulum (syn. Penicillium urticae)

produce the antibiotic patulin.

Penicillium crustosum

produces tremorgens which cause incoordination and recumbency and was thought at one time to cause ryegrass staggers.

Penicillium cyclopium, Penicillium jantinellum, Penicillium nigricans, Penicillium palitans, Penicillium piscarum, Penicillium puberulum

are soil fungi and produce tremorgens which cause tremor, ataxia and muscular rigidity in animals grazing infested pasture. The fungi were once thought to be involved in causing ryegrass staggers.

Penicillium estinogenum

produces tremorgens and causes incoordination and recumbency.

Penicillium islandicum

causes hepatic necrosis and has carcinogenic properties.

Penicillium purpurogenum

produces rubratoxin and causes anemia and widespread hemorrhages in chickens.

Penicillium roqueforti

grows on stored grain and ensilage; suspected of causing bovine abortion and retained placenta via an unidentified toxin. Produces roquefortine which causes tetanic convulsions in dogs.

Penicillium rubrum

contains rubratoxin which causes abdominal pain, jaundice, convulsions.

Penicillium simplicissimus

fungus which produces tremorgens, causing incoordination and recumbency.

Penicillium viridicatum

grows on stored grain and produces ochratoxin which causes nephrosis mostly in pigs. Also produces citrinin and viomellin.