pyrazinamide (redirected from PMS Pyrazinamide)

pyrazinamide /pyr·a·zin·amide/ (pir″ah-zin´ah-mīd) an antibacterial derived from nicotinic acid, used as a tuberculostatic.

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pyrazinamide

[pī′rəzin′əmīd]

an antimycobacterial.

indications It is prescribed in combination chemotherapy in the treatment of tuberculosis of hospitalized patients who fail to respond to other medications.

contraindications Severe liver damage, acute gout, or known hypersensitivity to this drug prohibits its use. Use with caution in renal failure, chronic gout, diabetes mellitus, or porphyria.

adverse effects Common side effects include malaise, nausea, GI upset, and arthralgia and myalgia. Among the more serious adverse reactions are hepatotoxicity and hyperuricemia.

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pyrazinamide (pir´zin´mīd´),

n brand name: generic;
drug class: antitubercular;
action: bactericidal interference with lipid, nucleic acid biosynthesis;
use: tuberculosis, as an adjunct with other drugs.

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pyrazinamide, pyrazinecarboxamide

an antibacterial agent used for the oral treatment of tuberculosis in humans. Also used in a biochemical test for the identification of mycobacteria.

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pyrazinamide

PMS Pyrazinamide (CA), Tebrazid (CA)

Pharmacologic class: Niacinamide derivative

Therapeutic class: Antitubercular

Pregnancy risk category C

Action

Unknown. Thought to exert bacteriostatic activity.

Availability

Tablets: 500 mg

⊘Indications and dosages

➣ Tuberculosis

Adults and children: 15 to 30 mg/kg/day P.O., not to exceed 2 g/day; or 50 to 70 mg/kg P.O. twice weekly, up to a maximum of 4 g/dose; or 50 to 70 mg/kg/dose P.O. three times weekly, up to a maximum of 3 g/dose

Dosage adjustment

• Renal impairment

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug
• Severe hepatic disease
• Acute gout

Precautions

Use cautiously in:
• renal failure, diabetes mellitus, porphyria, chronic gout, history of gout
• pregnant or breastfeeding patients
• children younger than age 13.

Administration

• Give with other antituberculars, as prescribed, to reduce risk of resistant organisms.
• Be aware that drug therapy may last 6 months or longer.

Route	Onset	Peak	Duration
P.O.	Rapid	2 hr	Unknown

Adverse reactions

CNS: headache

GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, peptic ulcer, abdominal cramps, anorexia

GU: dysuria, increased uric acid secretion

Hematologic: hemolytic anemia

Hepatic: hepatotoxicity

Metabolic: hyperuricemia, gout

Musculoskeletal: joint pain

Skin: urticaria, photosensitivity

Interactions

Drug-drug. Ethionamide: increased risk of hepatotoxicity

Probenecid: decreased probenecid efficacy (possibly precipitating gout)

Drug-diagnostic tests. Acetest or Ketostix urine test: false interpretation

Liver function tests: abnormal results

Uric acid: increased level

Patient monitoring

• Monitor CBC, uric acid level, and liver and kidney function tests.
• Assess for signs and symptoms of gout, hepatic failure, and hemolytic anemia.
☞ Discontinue at first sign of hepatic impairment or hyperuricemia accompanied by acute gouty arthritis.

Patient teaching

• Advise patient to take regularly with other antituberculars, as prescribed.
☞ Teach patient to recognize and immediately report signs and symptoms of gout and liver impairment.
• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above.