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Here neurologists and other biomedical researchers explain in some detail how PAKs--particularly the oncogenic kinases PAK1 and PAK4 and their blockers--may control various aspects of life and health, and how mammalian PAKs have functionally evolved from their ancestral origins in unicellular organisms such as yeast and amoebas through a series of mutations over millions of years.
53-57) For example, novel candidate oncogenes include SMURF1 on 7q21, FGFR1 on 8p12, BIRC2 and BIRC3 on 11q22, and PAK4 on 19q13, whereas novel candidate tumor suppressor genes include TUSC3 on 8p22 and FEZ1 on 8p23.
Columbia University in the City of New York (New York, NY) has patented an isolated mammalian nucleic acid molecule encoding a PAK4 serine/threonine kinase.
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