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S₃,

the third heart sound in the cardiac cycle. Normally, it is audible only in children and physically active young adults and usually disappears with age. In older people, it is an abnormal finding and usually indicates myocardial failure. It is heard with the bell of a stethoscope placed lightly over the apex of the heart with the patient lying down and facing left. A weak, low-pitched, dull sound, it is thought to be caused by vibrations of the ventricle walls when they are suddenly distended by blood from the atria. Also called physiologic third heart sound, ventricular gallop.

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heart sounds 

the sounds heard on the surface of the chest in the heart region; they are amplified by and heard more distinctly through a stethoscope. They are caused by the vibrations generated during the normal cardiac cycle and may be produced by muscular action, valvular actions, motion of the heart, or blood passing through the heart.

The first heart sound (S₁) is heard as a firm but dull “lubb” sound. It consists of four components: a low-frequency, indistinct vibration caused by ventricular contraction; a louder sound of higher frequency caused by closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves; a vibration caused by opening of the semilunar valves and early ejection of blood from the ventricles; and a low-pitched vibration produced by rapid ejection.

The second heart sound (S₂) is shorter and higher pitched than the first, is heard as a “dupp” and is produced by closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.

The third heart sound (S₃) is very faint and is caused by blood rushing into the ventricles. It can be heard in most normal persons between the ages of 10 and 20 years.

The fourth heart sound (S₄) is rarely audible in a normal heart but can be demonstrated on graphic records. It is short and of low frequency and intensity, and is caused by atrial contraction. The vibrations arise from atrial muscle and from blood flow into, and distention of, the ventricles.

Abnormalities in Heart Sounds. Decreased compliance of a ventricle is characterized by a gallop or triple rhythm. Accentuation of the third heart sound (protodiastolic or ventricular gallop) is caused by the filling of a poorly compliant ventricle with blood under high venous pressure. A presystolic or atrial gallop is an accentuated fourth heart sound and is also caused by blood filling a poorly compliant ventricle. Merging of the third and fourth heart sounds is called a mesodiastolic or summation gallop. A very rare abnormality in which four heart sounds are heard distinctly is called a “locomotive” rhythm.

Heart Murmurs are sounds other than the normal heart sounds emanating from the heart region. They are often heard as blowing or hissing sounds as blood leaks back through diseased and malfunctioning valves or as blood is pushed through narrowed or stenotic valve orifices.

Precordial locations for cardiac palpation and auscultation of heart sounds. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves produces the S₁ heart sound; closure of the pulmonic and aortic (semilunar) valves produces the S₂ sound. From Polaski and Tatro, 1996.

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Patient discussion about S 3.

Q. i have a 3 yrs old little boy and he suffer from light Asthma..could it be that later in his life it will pass and he won't have it any more ?

A. Many children will get outgrow many of the early problems after six year old when the immune system matures.
Great video about asthma link:
http://www.thedoctorsvideos.com/video/781/Asthma--childhood

DrMDK

Q. What kind of allergy Medicine is best for children under 3 with sever allergy problems? I'm trying to avoid going to the doctor with my 2 children for allergies, One is 17 months and the other is 3 and they both seem to have severe allergy problems. I can't afford to bring my children to the doctors because of lack of medical insurance at this time Any suggestions?

A. Strange- your 2 boys have an allergy? Are you allergic to something? If they have such a severe allergic reaction- I think that it’s imperative that you’ll find out to what. Mold In the house? Dusty? Does it reduce when you go to a weekend at your parent’s house? And are you sure it’s an allergic reaction? It’s a big coincidence that your two boys are allergic to the same thing. It could be something else then an allergic reaction.

Q. I've been suffering from migraines for the past 3 years. Will acupuncture cure it? I've tried all sorts of meds with no success. Before I start the acupuncture treatment I wanted to hear from other people's personal experience. Did anyone find this treatment helpful?

A. "In one of the largest studies of its kind to date, a team of investigators in Italy examined the effectiveness of acupuncture versus a variety of pharmacological therapies in treating migraines. Their results, published in a recent issue of the Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2 revealed that patients given acupuncture experienced fewer migraine episodes, missed fewer days from work, and suffered no side effects compared to patients on conventional drug therapy. They also found acupuncture to be more cost-efficient, estimating a savings of hundreds of millions of dollars in private and social health expenditures if it were used to treat headaches alone instead of drugs. "
http://www.acupuncturetoday.com/archives2001/apr/04migraines.html

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