nasal obstruction

nasal obstruction

Etymology: L, nasus, nose, obstruere

a narrowing of the nasal cavity, thereby reducing the breathing capacity, caused by an irregular or deviated septum, nasal polyps, foreign bodies, or enlarged turbinates. Sinusitis is a common complication of the condition.

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nasal obstruction,

n a narrowing of the nasal cavity, which reduces breathing capacity. Caused by an irregular septum, nasal polyps, foreign bodies, or enlarged turbinates.

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nasal

pertaining to the nose.

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nasal acariasis

characterized by mild nasal discharge and hyperemia, occasionally severe rhinitis. See also pneumonyssuscaninum.

nasal actinobacillosis

a chronic granulomatous lesion in the nasal cavity of the sheep, causing nasal obstruction and discharge, usually unilaterally.

nasal amyloidosis

in horses analogous to AL-amyloidosis in humans; can occur independently of a generalized disease, affecting nasal vestibule and anterior septum and turbinates, with sufficient nodular or diffuse deposits to obstruct the nasal passage.

nasal areae, nasal plane

the polygonal, raised, epidermal markings on the skin of the nasolabial plane of the dog. The pattern of marking is individual to each dog and can be used for identification, similar to the use of fingerprints in humans.

nasal bot fly

infestation causes sneezing and constant nasal discharge. The presence of the flies in the flock causes some insect worry. See also oestrusovis.

nasal breath

flow of the breath from the nostrils as distinct from the breath from the mouth.

nasal breath volume

as determined by holding the palms of the hands in front of the nostrils; diminution or cessation of flow are readily appreciated.

nasal catarrh

chronic nasal discharge without obvious physical cause. A specific problem of unknown etiology in rabbits, although Bordetella bronchiseptica is thought to be implicated. Manifested by sneezing, constant nasal and ocular discharge and matting of the fur on the insides of the forelimbs. Called also snuffles.

nasal cavity erectile tissue

erectile tissue present only in some patients; usually collapsed.

nasal cavity hemorrhage

see epistaxis.

nasal cavity obstruction

by mucosal inflammation, foreign body, neoplasm; detected by assessing the nasal breath flow.

nasal cavity olfactory region

located on ethmoturbinates, turbinates and nasal septum; covered by olfactory epithelium including sustentacular, basal and olfactory cells.

nasal cavity respiratory region

covers most of the cavities; covered by respiratory epithelium containing many, mainly serous, glands and carrying cilia.

nasal cavity-sinuses

see paranasal sinuses.

nasal cavity vestibular region

place of transition from skin to respiratory epithelium.

nasal conchae

see Table 10.

nasal cycling

reciprocal change in degree of congestion between nostrils; when the mucosa of one nasal cavity becomes congested the mucosal congestion of the opposite nasal cavity diminishes.

nasal deviation

1. occurs as a congenital deviation of the maxilla and nasal septum and leads to malocclusion of the maxillary teeth.

2. in older animals can result from paranasal sinus cysts or sinonasal neoplasia.

Nasal deviation in a horse. By permission from Knottenbelt DC, Pascoe RR, Diseases and Disorders of the Horse, Saunders, 2003

nasal discharge

may be unilateral or bilateral, serous, purulent, hemorrhagic, or contain food material.

nasal diverticulum

see nasal diverticulum.

encapsulated nasal hematoma

persistent because of its size; blood is accumulated under respiratory mucosa so as to resemble a polyp. Like a polyp the hematoma obstructs the flow of breath through the nasal cavity.

enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma

of sheep and cattle may occur at a sufficiently high incidence to suggest an infectious cause. Usually unilateral in front of the ethmoid bone.

nasal fold

see facial fold1.

nasal foreign bodies

take the form of grass seeds or sticks poked up while the animal is scratching its muzzle in allergic rhinitis, especially in cattle. Cause sneezing, nasal discharge, inspiratory dyspnea, snoring noise and rubbing of the nose. Foreign bodies may be viewable or palpable.

nasal fossa

see nasal fossa.

nasal fundus

the caudal part of the nasal cavity, close to the ethmoid bone.

nasal granuloma

see enzootic nasal granuloma, mycotic nasal granuloma, schistosomanasalis.

nasal hematoma

cause unilateral nasal obstruction; are usually the result of foreign body injury, rarely due to inept passage of a nasal tube or endoscope.

nasal hemorrhage

see epistaxis. Called also rhinorrhagia, nose bleed.

nasal meatus

see nasal cavity.

nasal mites

see nasal acariasis (above).

nasal mucosal inflammation

see rhinitis.

nasal obstruction

causes respiratory stertor, mouth breathing, and small airstreams from the nostrils. It may be caused by a palpable foreign body.

nasal odor

smell of the nasal breath; may be necrotic, smell of ketones.

nasal passage

see nasal cavity.

nasal plane

see nasal plane.

nasal polyp

see nasal polyp.

progressive nasal hematoma

see progressive nasal hematoma.

nasal schistosomiasis

infection with the blood fluke schistosoma, which is largely asymptomatic but can cause dyspnea, snoring and profuse nasal discharge.

nasal septum

a vertical plate of bone and cartilage covered with mucous membrane that divides the cavity of the nose. See also septum.

nasal sinus

see paranasal sinus.

nasal swab

cotton swab on a stick, passed up the nostril to obtain a sample of exudate and epithelial debris for microbiological or cellular examination.

nasal tube

see nasogastric tube.

nasal turbinates

see nasal conchae (above) and Table 10.

nasal vestibule

the part of the nasal cavity just inside the nostrils that is lined with skin.

nasal wash

flushing of the nasal cavity, usually with sterile saline, to recover cells or infectious agents for cytology or culture.

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nasal obstruction

ENT Difficulty in nasal breathing, due to any obstacle to breathing–eg, a thickened mucosa, polyps, a foreign body, deviated septum. See Nasal stuffiness.