liver (redirected from Liver enzyme)

liver /liv·er/ (liv´er)

1. the large, dark-red gland in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side, just beneath the diaphragm. Its functions include storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, conversion of sugars into glycogen, and many other metabolic activities.

2. the same gland of certain animals, sometimes used as food or from which pharmaceutical products are prepared.

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fatty liver  one affected with fatty infiltration, the fat in large droplets and the liver enlarged but of normal consistency.

hobnail liver  a liver whose surface is marked with nail-like points from cirrhosis.

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liv·er (lvr) n. The largest gland of the body, lying beneath the diaphragm in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity, which secretes bile and is active in the formation of certain blood proteins and in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

liver

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Liver

A solid organ located on the right in the upper abdomen. It plays a major role in metabolism, digestion, detoxification, and elimination of substances from the body.

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liver

Etymology: AS, lifer

the largest gland of the body and one of its most complex organs. It is located in the upper cranial, right part of the abdominal cavity, occupying almost the entire right hypochondrium and the greater part of the epigastrium. In many individuals it extends into the left hypochondrium as far as the mammary line. It has a soft solid consistency, is shaped like an irregular hemisphere, and is dark reddish-brown. The ventral part of the liver is separated by the diaphragm from the sixth to the tenth ribs on the right side and from the seventh and eighth costal cartilages on the left side. The central section has a deep concavity that fits the vertebral column and the crura of the diaphragm. The liver is divided into four lobes, contains as many as 100,000 lobules, and is served by two distinct blood supplies. The hepatic artery conveys oxygenated blood to the liver, and the hepatic portal vein conveys nutrient-filled blood from the stomach and the intestines. At any given moment the liver holds about 1 pint of blood, or approximately 13% of the total blood supply of the body. The tiny lobules of the organ are composed of polyhedral hepatic cells. These cells communicate with small ducts that connect with larger ducts to form the left and right hepatic ducts that emerge on the caudal surface of the liver. The left and right hepatic ducts converge to form the single hepatic duct, which conveys the bile to the duodenum and gallbladder for storage. More than 500 functions of the liver have been identified. Some of the major functions are the production of bile by hepatic cells; the secretion of glucose, proteins, vitamins, fats, and most of the other compounds used by the body; the processing of hemoglobin for vital use of its iron content; and the conversion of poisonous ammonia to urea. Bile from the liver is stored in the hepatic duct, in numerous blood vessels and in the gallbladder, which is connected to the liver by connective tissue. The liver cells produce about 1 pint of bile daily. The hepatic cells also detoxify numerous ingested substances, such as alcohol, nicotine, and other poisons, as well as various toxic substances produced by the intestine. See also gallbladder.

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liver,

n complex organ with many functions. Main functions include filtration of the blood, production of blood cells, and synthesis of blood-clotting components. It is divided into four lobes, with each containing thousands of lobules, and is served by two distinct blood supplies. The hepatic artery conveys oxygenated blood to the liver, and the hepatic portal vein conveys nutrient-filled blood from the stomach and the intestines.

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liver

1. the large, dark-red organ located in the cranial portion of the abdomen, just behind the diaphragm. Its functions include storage and filtration of blood; secretion of bile; detoxication of noxious substances; conversion of sugars into glycogen; synthesis and breakdown of fats and temporary storage of fatty acids; and synthesis of serum proteins such as certain of the alpha and beta globulins, albumin, which helps regulate blood volume, and fibrinogen and prothrombin, which are essential blood clotting factors. See also hepatic.

2. a rich red-brown coat color in dogs that resembles the color of the organ.

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liver abscess

causes toxemia, possibly local signs of subacute abdominal pain, pain on percussion or palpation over the liver if peritoneal inflammation is present, when there may also be a positive paracentesis sample.

liver damage

damage to the liver parenchyma causing some degree of hepatic insufficiency.

liver displacement

may be because of a diaphragmatic hernia with the liver protruding into the thoracic cavity. Usually accompanied by dyspnea.

liver dullness

dullness on percussion over the right rib cage, used to help in defining the size of the liver which must be grossly enlarged to register a recognizable change.

liver dysfunction

the result of diffuse damage to the liver, e.g. in hepatitis. There may be clinical signs including photosensitization, jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy in the form of the dummy syndrome, dullness and anorexia, or there may be subclinical disease detectable by clinicopathological tests, e.g. hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia, hyperammonemia. All of the functions of the liver will be affected at the one time.

liver enlargement

may be caused by neoplasia, congestion (as with heart failure), and infiltration by fat or inflammatory cells.

liver enzyme

when there is acute, diffuse damage to the liver some of its enzymes are liberated into the blood, where they can be measured. An indication of the severity of the damage can be obtained in this way. Different enzymes are used in each animal species.

liver failure

when liver function is inadequate to sustain life; the end-stage of liver dysfunction.

fatty liver

one affected with fatty infiltration.

fatty liver syndrome

see fat cow syndrome.

liver fluke

fasciolahepatica.

liver fluke disease

see hepatic fascioliasis.

liver function

summation of the functions of the liver.

liver function tests

biochemical tests capable of demonstrating that the liver's functions are, or are not, at full capacity. The sulfobromophthalein clearance test is the most commonly used in veterinary medicine.

liver inflammation

see hepatitis.

inherited liver insufficiency

occurs in several breeds of sheep and is characterized by the appearance of photosensitive dermatitis when the lambs begin to eat green feed. There is an accumulation of phylloerythrin in the blood and other biochemical indications of insufficiency, but the liver is histologically normal. Called also inherited photosensitization.

liver injury

damage to the hepatic parenchyma, possibly by massive trauma, but usually by an hepatic toxin. A common cause of hepatic insufficiency.

liver insufficiency

see liver dysfunction (above).

liver lobe torsion

see liver torsion (below).

liver melanosis

see hepatic lipofuscinosis.

liver meridian points

acupuncture points along the liver meridian.

liver necrobacillosis

a disease characterized by multiple liver abscesses, usually containing Fusobacterium necrophorum and resulting from infection from a chemical rumenitis which originated from carbohydrate engorgement and lactic acid rumenitis.

liver protectant

substance used for the treatment of liver failure. The important ones are choline, methionine, betaine, lecithin, vitamin B₁₂, selenium-vitamin E, essential phospholipids, glucose, fructose, vitamins E and B complex, and glucuronic acid.

liver rot

see acute hepatic fascioliasis.

liver rupture

is usually the result of severe trauma to the abdomen. In most cases there is massive hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity, acute hemorrhagic anemia and mucosal pallor. Abdominal paracentesis recovers whole blood.

liver torsion

is usually restricted to a single lobe. Causes severe abdominal pain and severe vomiting.

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Patient discussion about Liver enzyme.

Q. I would like to know what it takes to get on a liver transplant list.. I have been diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver. I have been clean and sober now over 2 years... I have also been hospitalized more times than i don't like talking about but I have been admitted for high amounts of ammonia levels, low blood pressure, and dehydration

A. Your cirrhosis is an indication for a liver transplantation, and your doctor should be aware of when you are suitable for transplant and put you on the transplant list. Patients are categorized according to the Child's Criteria method based on their developing of ascites, low albumiin level, encephalopathy (high amonia levels that affect the brain), and blood clotting problems.

Q. What are the risks of cirrhosis of liver? My dad has cirrhosis and I would like to know what are the risks and how does it get treated.

A. there is a long list of risks in cirrhosis. Osteoporosis, varices in esophagus(bleeding), Jaundice and Liver failure are just some of them. How it’s treated- first of all if they found out what is the cause- they stop it (like drinking alcohol). Then what happen depends on how young and strong is the patient, in what stage the cirrhosis is. And the treatment is mostly for the symptoms in hope that the liver will hill itself. In really bad cases- transplant.

Q. Should I vaccinate my newborn against Hepatitis B? I am 9 months pregnant and am expecting to give birth anytime soon. I understood that my newborn will receive a vaccine against Hepatitis B in the hospital. Why is this so?

A. because this is bullshit! Hey! Wake up! the lymph system of your baby will only be "ready and finished" after three years! so how should your baby manage a toxic vaccination? do you know what they put in the vaccination? they put hepatitis B pathogens/virus with the hope that your baby will be able to build an anti-hepatitis B pathogen and so manage itself in the future hepatitis B! how should your baby do that, when his lymph-system just started to develop itself and will only be ready in three years? please read in the links i send to you:

before you would like to go on with any vaccination, you should check out this very long list of links:

http://www.aegis.ch/neu/links.html

at the bottom you will also find links in english. vaccinations in general are very disputable/dubious and it is probably time that we learn about it.