Kaopectate

Ka·o·pec·tate (k-pktt)

A trademark for the compound kaolin.

---

Kaopectate,

trademark for an antidiarrheal fixed-combination drug containing an adsorbent (kaolin) and an emollient (pectin).

---

bismuth subsalicylate

Bismatrol, Bismatrol Maximum Strength, Bismed (CA), Diotame, Kao-Tin, Kaopectate, Kaopectate Extra Strength, Kapectolin, Maalox Total Stomach Relief, Pepto-Bismol, Pepto-Bismol Bismuth Maximum Strength, Pink Bismuth, PMS-Bismuth Subsalicylate (CA)

Pharmacologic class: Adsorbent

Therapeutic class: Antidiarrheal, antibiotic, antiulcer drug

Pregnancy risk category C

Action

Promotes intestinal adsorption of fluids and electrolytes and decreases synthesis of intestinal prostaglandins. Adsorbent action removes irritants from stomach and soothes irritated bowel lining. Also shows antibacterial activity to eradicate Helicobacter pylori.

Availability

Liquid: 130 mg/15 ml, 262 mg/15 ml, 525 mg/15 ml (maximum strength)

Tablets: 262 mg

Tablets (chewable): 262 mg, 300 mg

⊘Indications and dosages

➣ Adjunctive therapy for mild to moderate diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramping, heartburn, and indigestion accompanying diarrheal illnesses

Adults: Two tablets or 30 ml P.O. (15 ml of maximum strength) q 30 minutes, or two tablets or 60 ml (30 ml of extra/maximum strength) q 60 minutes as needed. Don't exceed 4.2 g in 24 hours.

Children ages 9 to 12: One tablet or 15 ml P.O. (7.5 ml of maximum strength) q 30 to 60 minutes. Don't exceed 2.1 g in 24 hours.

Children ages 6 to 9: 10 ml (5 ml of maximum strength) P.O. q 30 to 60 minutes. Don't exceed 1.4 g in 24 hours.

Children ages 3 to 6: 5 ml (2.5 ml of maximum strength) P.O. q 30 to 60 minutes. Don't exceed 704 mg in 24 hours.

➣ Ulcer disease caused by H. pylori

Adults: Two tablets or 30 ml P.O. q.i.d. (15 ml of maximum strength)

Off-label uses

• Chronic infantile diarrhea
• Norwalk virus-induced gastroenteritis

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to aspirin
• Elderly patients with fecal impaction
• Children or adolescents during or after recovery from chickenpox or flulike illness

Precautions

Use cautiously in:
• diabetes mellitus, gout
• patients taking concurrent aspirin
• elderly patients
• pregnant or breastfeeding patients
• infants.

Administration

• Know that tablets should be chewed or dissolved in mouth before swallowing.
• Be aware that drug is usually given with antibiotics (such as tetracycline or amoxicillin) when prescribed for ulcer disease.

Route	Onset	Peak	Duration
P.O.	1 hr	Unknown	Unknown

Adverse reactions

EENT: tinnitus, tongue discoloration

GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, gray-black stools, fecal impaction

Respiratory: tachypnea

Other: salicylate toxicity

Interactions

Drug-drug. Aspirin, other salicylates: salicylate toxicity

Corticosteroids, probenecid (large doses), sulfinpyrazone: decreased bismuth efficacy

Enoxacin: decreased enoxacin bioavailability

Methotrexate: increased risk of bismuth toxicity

Tetracycline: decreased tetracycline absorption

Drug-diagnostic tests. Radiologic GI tract examination: test interference

Patient monitoring

• Monitor fluid intake and electrolyte levels.
• Monitor stool frequency and appearance.
• Assess infants and debilitated patients for fecal impaction.

Patient teaching

• Instruct patient to chew tablets or dissolve them in mouth before swallowing.
• Inform patient that drug may turn stools gray-black temporarily.
• Tell patient to notify prescriber if he has diarrhea with fever for more than 48 hours.
• As appropriate, review all other significant adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above.