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Intrauterine growth restriction

   Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, Hutchinson 0.01 sec.
restriction /re·stric·tion/ (re-strik´shun) anything that limits; also, a limitation.restric´tive
intrauterine growth restriction  (IUGR) see under restriction.

intrauterine growth restriction

intrauterine growth retardation
Fetal growth restriction Neonatology A generic term for any delay in achieving intrauterine developmental milestones, most commonly related to maternal drug, tobacco and alcohol abuse; IUGR affects high-risk infants with perinatal asphyxia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, pulmonary hemorrhage, meconium aspiration, necrotizing enterocolitis, polycythemia and complications of infections, malformations and syndromes; IUGR fetuses have weight < 10th percentile for gestational age, abdominal circumference < 2.5th percentile Types Symmetric–body is proportionately small; asymmetric–head is disproportionately bigger than body, which implies undernourishment–growth of vital organs–heart, brain is at expense of liver, muscle and fat, often due to placental insufficiency; IUGR is the 2nd most common–after prematurity–cause of perinatal M&M; it affects ±5% of the general obstetric population. See Low birthweight, Small for gestational age.
Intrauterine growth restriction  
Placental insufficiency  
• Unexplained elevated maternal alpha- fetoprotein level
• Idiopathic
• Preeclampsia
• Chronic maternal disease
• Cardiovascular disease
• Diabetes
• Hypertension
Abnormal placentation
• Abruptio placentae
• Placenta previa
• Infarction
• Circumvallate placenta
• Placenta accretia
• Hemangioma
Genetic disorders
• Family history
• Trisomy 13, 18 and 21
• Triploidy
• Turner's syndrome (some cases)
• Malformations
Immunologic
• Antiphospholipid syndrome
Infections
• Cytomegalovirus
• Rubella
• Herpes
• Toxoplasmosis
Metabolic
• Phenylketonuria
Other
• Poor maternal nutrition
• Substance abuse (smoking, alcohol, drugs)
• Multiple gestation
• Low socioeconomic status  


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Notably, the proportions of women experiencing intrauterine growth restriction, preterm or very preterm birth (i.
The study examined the potential impact of groundwater nitrate exposure on prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
Ten of the 43 women with restricted blood flow were later diagnosed with preeclampsia, and 14 others developed a complication called intrauterine growth restriction, in which the fetus remains undersized.
 
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