Intracranial berry aneurysm

aneurysm /an·eu·rysm/ (an´u-rizm) a sac formed by localized dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart.aneurys´mal

aortic aneurysm aneurysm of the aorta.

arteriosclerotic aneurysm an aneurysm arising in a large artery, usually the abdominal aorta, as a result of weakening of the wall in severe atherosclerosis.

arteriovenous aneurysm abnormal communication between an artery and a vein in which the blood flows directly into a neighboring vein or is carried into the vein by a connecting sac.

atherosclerotic aneurysm arteriosclerotic a.

berry aneurysm a small saccular aneurysm of a cerebral artery, usually at the junction of vessels in the circle of Willis, having a narrow opening into the artery.

compound aneurysm one in which some of the layers of the wall of the vessel are ruptured and some merely dilated.

dissecting aneurysm one resulting from hemorrhage that causes longitudinal splitting of the arterial wall, producing a tear in the intima and establishing communication with the lumen; it usually affects the aorta (aortic dissection).

false aneurysm

1. one in which the entire wall is injured and the blood is retained in the surrounding tissues; a sac communicating with the artery (or heart) is eventually formed.

2. pseudoaneurysm.

infected aneurysm one produced by growth of microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) in the vessel wall, or infection arising within a preexisting arteriosclerotic aneurysm.

mycotic aneurysm an infected aneurysm caused by fungi.

racemose aneurysm dilatation and tortuous lengthening of the blood vessels.

saccular aneurysm , sacculated aneurysm a distended sac affecting only part of the arterial circumference.

varicose aneurysm one in which an intervening sac connects the artery with contiguous veins.

ber·ry aneurysm (b

)

A small saccular aneurysm of a cerebral artery that resembles a berry.

berry aneurysm

Etymology: ME, berye + Gk, aneurysma, widening

a small, saccular dilation of the wall of a cerebral artery. It occurs most frequently at the junctures of vessels in the circle of Willis. A berry aneurysm may be the result of a congenital developmental defect and may rupture without warning, causing intracranial hemorrhage. Smoking and hypertension increase the likelihood of rupture.

aneurysm [an´u-rizm]

a sac formed by the localized dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart.

Classification of aneurysms. All three tunica layers are involved in true aneurysms (fusiform and saccular). In false aneurysms, blood escapes between tunica layers and they separate. If the separation continues, a clot may form, resulting in a dissecting aneurysm. From Copstead and Banasik, 2000.

adj., adj aneurys´mal. The chief signs of an arterial aneurysm are the formation of a pulsating tumor, and often a bruit (aneurysmal bruit) heard over the swelling. Sometimes there are symptoms from pressure on contiguous parts.

The most common site for an arterial aneurysm is the abdominal aorta. A true aneurysm results from formation of a sac by the arterial wall with at least one unbroken layer. It is most often associated with atherosclerosis. A false aneurysm usually is caused by trauma. In this case, the wall of the blood vessel is ruptured and blood escapes into surrounding tissues and forms a clot. Because of pressure within the clot arising from the heart's contractions, the clot often pulsates against the examiner's hand as does a true aneurysm.

Although atherosclerosis is responsible for most arterial aneurysms, any injury to the middle or muscular layer of the arterial wall (tunica media) can predispose the vessel to stretching of the inner and outer layers of the artery and the formation of a sac. Other diseases that can lead to an aneurysm include syphilis, cystic medionecrosis, certain nonspecific inflammations, and congenital defects in the artery.

It is possible for a person to be unaware of a small aneurysm for years. About 80 per cent of all abdominal aneurysms are palpable and may be noticed on a routine physical examination. One should be particularly alert to the possibility of an aneurysm in persons with a history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, or peripheral vascular disease.

Aneurysms tend to increase in size, presenting a problem of increasing pressure against adjacent tissues and organs and a danger of rupture. When an aneurysm ruptures, a critical situation ensues. The patient with a ruptured aortic aneurysm exhibits severe pain and blood loss, leading to shock. A ruptured cerebral aneurysm produces neurologic symptoms and can resemble the clinical picture of stroke syndrome.

Treatment of aneurysm depends on the vessel involved, size of the aneurysm, and general health status of the patient.

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