hypovolemic shock

shock (shok)

1. a sudden disturbance of mental equilibrium.

2. a profound hemodynamic and metabolic disturbance due to failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion of vital organs.

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anaphylactic shock  see anaphylaxis.

cardiogenic shock  shock resulting from inadequate cardiac function, as from myocardial infarction or mechanical obstruction; characteristics include hypovolemia, hypotension, cold skin, weak pulse, and confusion.

endotoxin shock  septic shock due to release of endotoxins by gram-negative bacteria.

hypovolemic shock  shock due to insufficient blood volume, either from hemorrhage or other loss of fluid or from widespread vasodilation so that normal blood volume cannot maintain tissue perfusion; symptoms are like those of cardiogenic shock.

insulin shock  a hypoglycemic reaction to overdosage of insulin, a skipped meal, or strenuous exercise in an insulin-dependent diabetic, with tremor, dizziness, cool moist skin, hunger, and tachycardia, sometimes progressing to coma and convulsions.

septic shock  shock associated with overwhelming infection, most commonly infection with gram-negative bacteria, thought to result from the actions of endotoxins and other products of the infectious agent that cause sequestration of blood in the capillaries and veins.

serum shock  see anaphylaxis and see under sickness.

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hypovolemic shock

n.

Shock caused by a reduction in the volume of blood, as from hemorrhage.

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Hypovolemic shock

Shock caused by a lack of circulating blood.

Mentioned in: Thoracentesis

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hypovolemic shock

[-vōlē·mik]

a state of physical collapse and prostration caused by massive blood loss, about one fifth or more of total blood volume. The common signs include low blood pressure, thready pulse, clammy skin, tachycardia, rapid breathing, and reduced urinary output. The associated blood losses may stem from GI bleeding, internal or external hemorrhage, or excessive reduction of intravascular plasma volume and body fluids. Disorders that may cause hypovolemic shock are dehydration from excessive perspiration, severe diarrhea, protracted vomiting, intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, acute pancreatitis, and severe burns, which deplete body fluids. Associated effects may include metabolic acidosis with the accumulation of lactic acid, irreversible cerebral and renal damage, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Treatment of hypovolemic shock focuses on prompt replacement of blood and fluid volumes, identification of bleeding sites, and control of bleeding. Without fast, aggressive treatment, further collapse that can cause death ensues. Compare cardiogenic shock. See also electric shock, shock.

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shock

a condition of acute peripheral circulatory failure due to derangement of circulatory control or loss of circulating fluid. It is marked by hypotension, coldness of the skin and tachycardia.

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allergic shock

see anaphylactic shock.

shock bodies

hyaline globules composed of fibrin degradation products which act as microthrombi and cause hemorrhage and necrosis.

burn shock

the loss and redistribution of fluid, electrolytes and plasma protein, increased blood viscosity and increased peripheral resistance that follow a severe burn contribute to shock.

cardiogenic shock

classically associated with acute myocardial infarction in humans; in animals may be caused by intrinsic congestive heart failure, cardiac depression caused by anesthetic overdosage or other drugs with negative inotropism, rarely, thromboembolism.

colloidoclastic shock

shock due to breakdown of the physical equilibrium of the body colloids. Thought to cause anaphylactic shock due to the absorption of the colloids into the bloodstream.

distributive shock

see vasogenic shock (below).

electric shock

see electrical injuries.

electroplectic shock

electric shock. See also electrical stunning.

endotoxic shock

caused by endotoxins, especially Escherichia coli. See also toxemic shock.

shock gut

animals in shock develop changes in the gut including congestion and hemorrhage into the lumen.

hypovolemic shock

shock due to reduced blood volume as a result of water deprivation, fluid loss due to diarrhea, vomiting, extensive burns, intestinal obstruction, whole blood loss.

insulin shock

a condition of circulatory insufficiency resulting from overdosage with insulin, which causes too sudden reduction of blood sugar. It is marked by tremor, weakness, convulsions and collapse.

irreversible shock

shock which has reached the stage where irreparable damage has been done to tissues, e.g. liver, kidneys and treatment will not salvage the patient although it might prolong life for a long time.

shock lung

animals in shock due to massive burns, septicemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute viral or bacterial pneumonias or trauma develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome. The pulmonary lesion is a nonspecific acute or subacute interstitial pneumonia.

nervous shock

a temporary cessation of function in nervous tissue caused by an acute insult such as trauma without the part having been directly or detectably damaged. The loss of function is only temporary, usually for a few minutes but it may last for several hours. There may be residual signs due to direct damage when the shock passes. Stunning by a lightning stroke is an example.

shock organs

those organs, specific to each animal species, which respond to allergens circulating in the blood.

septic shock

see toxemic shock.

spinal shock

flaccid paralysis up and down the body from the site of the spinal cord lesion. Accompanied by a fall in skin temperature, vasodilatation and sweating. Signs disappear within an hour or two. There may be residual signs due to physical injury to tissue.

toxic shock

see toxemic shock.

vasogenic shock, vasculogenic shock

shock exists because of the severe reduction in effective circulating blood volume caused by sequestration of blood and other fluids in the vascular system and their withdrawal from the circulating blood. Is the classical shock of traumatic injury, burns, uterine prolapse, extensive surgery.

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hypovolemic shock

Critical care A rapid fall in BP due to a ±20% ↓ of blood volume Etiology GI tract and other internal or external hemorrhage, loss of blood volume and body fluids–eg, diarrhea, vomiting, intestinal blockage, inflammation, burns, etc. See Shock, Volume depletion.