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hydrogen bonding |
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hydrogen bonding, the attractive force of compounds in which a hydrogen atom covalently linked to an electronegative element such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine has a large degree of positive character relative to the electronegative atom, thereby causing the compound to possess a large dipole and to associate strongly with other like molecules. hydrogen a chemical element, atomic number 1, atomic weight 1.00797, symbol H. See Table 6. It exists as the mass 1 isotope (protium, or light or ordinary hydrogen), mass 2 isotope (deuterium, heavy hydrogen), and mass 3 isotope (tritium). hydrogen bonding weak electrostatic attraction between one electronegative atom and the hydrogen atom covalently linked to a second electronegative atom. hydrogen breath test detects hydrogen production as a product of bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, an indicator of inflammatory bowel disease or carbohydrate malabsorption. hydrogen cyanide hydrocyanic acid. heavy hydrogen hydrogen having double the mass of ordinary hydrogen; deuterium. hydrogen ion balance see acid-base balance. hydrogen ion concentration the degree of concentration of hydrogen ions (the acid element) in a solution. Its symbol is pH, and expresses the degree to which a solution is acidic or alkaline. The pH range extends from 0 to 14, pH 7 being neutral. A pH of less than 7 indicates acidity, above 7 indicates alkalinity. See also acid-base balance and ph. hydrogen peroxide H2O2, used in solution as an antibacterial agent. A 3% solution foams on touching skin or mucous membrane and appears to have a mechanical cleansing action. hydrogen peroxide-based teat dips see teat dip. hydrogen sulfide an ill-smelling, colorless, poisonous gas, H2S; much used as a chemical reagent. Hydrogen sulfide is often present in gases from oil wells and from manure vats under slatted floor barns. Poisoning of cattle causes diarrhea, dehydration, dyspnea and death in convulsions. The feces are black and the breath smells of hydrogen sulfide. Called also hydrosulfuric acid. See also manure pit gas poisoning. hydrogen swell defective canned meat can. Can is distended due to production of hydrogen as a result of corrosion of the can surface. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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Al-Biruni did not know that in ice, each water molecule is typically linked with four others through hydrogen bonding, forming an ordered crystal structure whereas in its liquid state, these hydrogen bonds break and reform on a picosecond time scale, allowing a statistical distribution of the different possible coordinations. Each large ring contains three or four different chemical groups, or stations, where the small rings are temporarily held in place by hydrogen bonding. This does not take into account hydrogen bonding or more importantly crystallinity (polyethylene is very crystalline). |
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