hepatitis (redirected from Hepatitis viruses)

hepatitis /hep·a·ti·tis/ (hep″ah-ti´tis) pl. hepati´tides   Inflammation of the liver.

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hepatitis A  a self-limited viral disease of worldwide distribution, usually transmitted by oral ingestion of infected material but sometimes transmitted parenterally; most cases are clinically inapparent or have mild flu-like symptoms; any jaundice is mild.

anicteric hepatitis  viral hepatitis without jaundice.

hepatitis B  an acute viral disease transmitted primarily parenterally, but also orally, by intimate personal contact, and from mother to neonate. Prodromal symptoms of fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting decline with the onset of clinical jaundice, angioedema, urticarial skin lesions, and arthritis. After 3 to 4 months most patients recover completely, but some may become carriers or remain ill chronically.

hepatitis C  a viral disease caused by the hepatitis C virus, commonly occurring after transfusion or parenteral drug abuse; it frequently progresses to a chronic form that is usually asymptomatic but that may involve cirrhosis.

cholangiolitic hepatitis  cholestatic h. (1).

cholestatic hepatitis 

1. inflammation of the bile ducts of the liver associated with obstructive jaundice.

2. hepatic inflammation and cholestasis resulting from reaction to drugs such as estrogens or chlorpromazines.

hepatitis D , delta hepatitis infection with hepatitis D virus, occurring either simultaneously with or as a superinfection in hepatitis B, whose severity it may increase.

hepatitis E  a type transmitted by the oral-fecal route, usually via contaminated water; chronic infection does not occur but acute infection may be fatal in pregnant women.

enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis  (ET-NANB) h. E.

hepatitis G  a post-transfusion disease caused by hepatitis G virus, ranging from asymptomatic infection to fulminant hepatitis.

infectious hepatitis  h. A.

infectious necrotic hepatitis  black disease.

lupoid hepatitis  chronic active hepatitis with autoimmune manifestations.

neonatal hepatitis  hepatitis of uncertain etiology occurring soon after birth and marked by prolonged persistent jaundice that may progress to cirrhosis.

non-A, non-B hepatitis  a syndrome of acute viral hepatitis occurring without the serologic markers of hepatitis A or B, including hepatitis C and hepatitis E.

posttransfusion hepatitis  viral hepatitis, now primarily hepatitis C, transmitted via transfusion of blood or blood products, especially multiple pooled donor products such as clotting factor concentrates.

serum hepatitis  h. B.

transfusion hepatitis  posttransfusion h.

viral hepatitis  h. A, h. B, h. C, h. D, and h. E.

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hep·a·ti·tis (hp-tts)

n. pl. hep·a·tit·i·des (-tt-dz)

Inflammation of the liver, caused by infectious or toxic agents and characterized by jaundice, fever, liver enlargement, and abdominal pain.

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Hepatitis

An inflammation of the liver, with accompanying liver cell damage or cell death, caused most frequently by viral infection, but also by certain drugs, chemicals, or poisons. May be either acute (of limited duration) or chronic (continuing). Symptoms include jaundice, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, tenderness in the right upper abdomen, aching muscles, and joint pain. In severe cases, liver failure may result.

Mentioned in: Autopsy, Cat-Scratch Disease, Chickenpox, Gammaglobulin, Hepatitis, Drug-Induced, Immunologic Therapies, Kawasaki Syndrome, Liver Cancer, Liver Function Tests, Piercing and Tattoos, Thyroid Function Tests, Wilson Disease

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hepatitis

[hep′ətī′tis]

Etymology: Gk, hēpar + itis, inflammation

an inflammatory condition of the liver, characterized by jaundice, hepatomegaly, anorexia, abdominal and gastric discomfort, abnormal liver function, clay-colored stools, and tea-colored urine. The condition may be caused by bacterial or viral infection, parasitic infestation, alcohol, drugs, toxins, or transfusion of incompatible blood. It may be mild and brief or severe, fulminant, and life-threatening. The liver usually is able to regenerate its tissue, but severe hepatitis may lead to cirrhosis and chronic liver dysfunction. Compare anicteric hepatitis. See also viral hepatitis.

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hepatitis (heˈ·p·tīˑ·tis),

n a family of infectious viral diseases characterized by inflammation of the liver.

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hepatitis (hep´tī´tis),

n an inflammation of the liver.

hepatitis C (Hep C, non-A, non-B hepatitis),

n a type transmitted largely by blood transfusion or percutaneous inoculation, such as with in-travenous drug users sharing needles. The disease progresses to chronic hepatitis in up to 50% of the patients acutely infected.

hepatitis, chronic active,

n a hepatitis with chronic portal inflammation with regional necrosis and fibrosis, which may progress to nodular postnecrotic cirrhosis.

hepatitis, delta (Hep D),

n a particularly virulent form caused by the delta hepatitis virus in conjunction with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is spread by contaminated needles or by direct exposure to blood or other body fluids from infected individuals. It occurs primarily in persons who have been repeatedly exposed to the HBV either through frequent blood transfusions or intravenous drug use. It may also be spread during the birthing process.

hepatitis delta virus (HDV),

n the infectious agent that causes delta hepatitis, but only in the presence of the hepatitis B virus. The virus is usually superimposed on carriers of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). It is also called the
delta agent.

hepatitis E (Hep E, epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis),

n a self-limited type of hepatitis caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV) that may occur after natural disasters because of fecal-contaminated water or food. There is currently no serologic test available.

hepatitis G,

n a viral infection of the stomach and intestines, transmitted via blood and coinfection with the hepatitis C virus. The duration of the incubation period and range of symptoms are unknown, and no vaccine is available.

hepatitis, homologous serum (homologous serum jaundice, serum hepatitis, syringe jaundice, type B hepatitis),

n a viral hepatitis clinically difficult to distinguish from epidemic infectious hepatitis. It is transmitted by human serum (that is, through parenteral injection, transfusions, lacerations). The incubation period is 40 to 90 days or longer. Principal manifestations are jaundice, gastrointestinal symptoms, anorexia, and malaise.

hepatitis, infectious (IH, type A hepatitis),

n a viral hepatitis that is frequently epidemic in nature and has an incubation period of 1 to 4 or even 7 weeks. It is usually transmitted by the virus in fecal matter but may be transmitted by human (transfusions, lacerations, needle punctures).

hepatitis, non-ABCDE,

n a viral infection of the stomach and intestines that is diagnosed by ruling out other forms of hepatitis. It may be transmitted orally, via injection, sexual contact, or fecal matter.

hepatitis, serum,

n See hepatitis, homologous serum.

hepatitis, viral,

n 1. hepatitis caused by one of three immunologically unrelated viruses: hepatitis A virus; hepatitis B virus; and non-A, non-B virus.
n 2. hepatitis caused by a viral infection, including that by Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus.

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hepatitis

inflammation of the liver which may be toxic or infectious in origin; characterized by signs due to diffuse injury to the liver. See also liver dysfunction. There are a number of etiologically specific hepatitides which are listed under their individual headings. They are avian vibrionic hepatitis, infectious canine hepatitis (see below), infectious necrotic hepatitis, duck hepatitis, turkey hepatitis, inclusion body hepatitis, mouse hepatitis, postvaccinal hepatitis, toxemic jaundice, and those caused by fasciola and fascioloides, cysticercus, and plant toxins including pyrrolizidine alkaloids, sporidesmin, aflatoxin. See also hepatosis dietetica.

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hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses

causes of hepatitis in humans and some nonhuman primates.

avian vibrionic hepatitis

a disease of domesticated poultry which has disappeared from those areas in the USA which were its sole habitat. Vibrio-like organisms were isolated from the outbreaks which occurred.

cholangiolitic hepatitis

see cholangiohepatitis.

chronic active hepatitis

a chronic inflammatory liver disease in humans, probably of several types with different causes, but with distinctive histopathological features of piecemeal necrosis, bridging fibrosis and active cirrhosis. A similar, but not identical disease of unknown etiology has been described in dogs.

copper-induced hepatitis

see bedlington terrier copper-associated hepatopathy.

duck hepatitis

see duck hepatitis.

gosling hepatitis

see goose hepatitis.

infectious canine hepatitis

an acute, highly contagious disease, occurring mainly in young dogs, caused by canine adenovirus type 1. Many dogs experience subclinical infections. Those with clinical signs show fever, depression, vomiting and abdominal pain. The course is short and in severe cases death occurs within a few days. Peracute infections occur in very young puppies. Mild infections may cause only vague signs of malaise and anorexia and many cases are not diagnosed. Dogs recovering from infection sometimes develop corneal edema ('blue eye'). A chronic hepatitis is reported as an occasional sequela. The disease can be prevented by vaccination.

mouse hepatitis

a coronavirus disease which causes heavy losses in baby mice. It is characterized by tremor, jaundice and hemoglobinuria.

mycotic hepatitis

commonly caused in cattle by extension from mycotic rumenitis due to lactic acid indigestion and damage to ruminal epithelium.

necrotic hepatitis

see infectious necrotic hepatitis.

porcine hepatitis E virus

an enteric virus of pigs related to human hepatitis E that is not known to be pathogenic.

toxipathic hepatitis

hepatitis caused by toxins, especially ingested plant toxins, e.g. some pyrrolizidine alkaloids, sporidesmin, aflatoxin.

trophopathic hepatitis

see trophopathic hepatitis.

turkey hepatitis

see turkey hepatitis.

hepatitis X

a hepatoxic disease of dogs and pigs caused by aflatoxins. See also mycotoxicosis.

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hepatitis

Hepatology Liver inflammation Etiology-infectious HAV, HBV, hepatitis non-A, non-B–HCV, HDV, HEV, CMV, coxsackievirus, herpesvirus, EBV, measles, mumps, rubella, rubeola, bacteria, parasites, fungi Etiology-noninfectious Alcohol, drugs, chemicals and toxins, hyperthermia, radiation Clinical Anorexia, N&V, malaise, jaundice, myalgia, arthralgia, photophobia, bleeding diathesis Lab ↑ Transaminases–ALA, AST, GGT, BR, Igs, ↓ vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, ergo ↑ prothrombin time; viral hepatitis is diagnosed by serology, measuring viral antigen(s) or antibodies formed against the antigens; non-viral hepatitides are diagnosed by history and exclusion of virus Management Acute hepatitis, no treatment–steroids, IFN-α are not recommended; chronic hepatitis–corticosteroids, IFN-α may prolong survival and improve outcomes. See Acute hepatitis, Biochemical hepatitis, Chronic hepatitis, Giant cell hepatitis, Halothane hepatitis, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E, Hepatitis F, Hepatitis GB, Hepatitis non-A–G, Lupoid hepatitis, Neonatal hepatitis, Non-A, non-B hepatitis.

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Patient discussion about Hepatitis viruses.

Q. Can hepatitis pass from mother to her baby? I got hepatitis B when I was given blood in a hospital somewhere in the far east. I’m now pregnant with a baby boy, and I’m a bit worried- Will he also get HBV? I heard that mothers wit HBV must undergo cesarean section instead of regular birth- Is that right? I must add that my liver is fine and I don’t have any active disease at the moment, and so far the pregnancy is OK without any problems. I heard a lot about the importance of breast feeding, and really want to breastfeed him after he’ll be born. Will that be possible?

A. The man is the reservoir and sole source of infection of this virus. this virus is transmitted only through contact with blood (transfusions, needles, syringes, tattoos, insect bites, etc.). It is known that can be transmitted through oral and genital (semen, vaginal secretions, saliva. It can be transmitted from mother to child, carrying the virus who become pregnant, during pregnancy or childbirth.

Q. Is there a vaccination against hepatitis? I want to volunteer in a charity organization abroad soon, and I heard that currently there’s and outbreak of hepatitis in the town I intend to go to. Is there anything I can do to prevent me from getting hepatitis? Is there a way to get a vaccination against it?

A. before you would like to go on with any vaccination, you should check out this very long list of links:

http://www.aegis.ch/neu/links.html

at the bottom you will also find links in english. vaccinations in general are very disputable/dubious and it is probably time that we learn about it.

Q. Should I vaccinate my newborn against Hepatitis B? I am 9 months pregnant and am expecting to give birth anytime soon. I understood that my newborn will receive a vaccine against Hepatitis B in the hospital. Why is this so?

A. because this is bullshit! Hey! Wake up! the lymph system of your baby will only be "ready and finished" after three years! so how should your baby manage a toxic vaccination? do you know what they put in the vaccination? they put hepatitis B pathogens/virus with the hope that your baby will be able to build an anti-hepatitis B pathogen and so manage itself in the future hepatitis B! how should your baby do that, when his lymph-system just started to develop itself and will only be ready in three years? please read in the links i send to you:

before you would like to go on with any vaccination, you should check out this very long list of links:

http://www.aegis.ch/neu/links.html

at the bottom you will also find links in english. vaccinations in general are very disputable/dubious and it is probably time that we learn about it.