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HIV-associated dementia

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HIV-associated dementia (HAD),
a usually rapidly progressive dementia that is the primary manifestation of encephalopathy caused by human immunodeficiency virus type I infection. It is marked by a variety of cognitive, motor, and behavioral abnormalities, including loss of retentive memory, inattentiveness, language disorders, apathy, incoordination, and ataxia. As the disease progresses, paraplegia, urinary and bowel incontinence, abulia, and mutism may occur. Survival after the onset of dementia is usually 3 to 6 months but is occasionally longer.


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While decreases are observed in deaths from CMV, wasting, and HIV-associated dementia, increases are reported in deaths from sepsis, and diseases of the liver, kidney, and heart.
HIV-associated dementia may be due to the production of substances such as HIV proteins, cellular metabolites, and cytokines that may be toxic to neurons, oligodendrocytes or myelin.
Included is a table listing the major issues in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia, which provides the next generation of questions for investigation.
 
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